Babesiosis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
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{{Babesiosis}}
[[Image:Home_logo1.png|right|250px|link=https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Babesiosis]]
==Overview==
==Overview==
Babesiosis  must be differentiated from other tick-borne diseases that cause fever, soreness, and rash, such as Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted fever, and Colorado tick fever.
Babesiosis  must be differentiated from other tick-borne diseases that cause fever, soreness, and rash, such as Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted fever, and Colorado tick fever.
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==Differentiating Babesiosis from other Diseases==
==Differentiating Babesiosis from other Diseases==


The following are tables differentiating tick-bourne illnesses, categorized according to an underlying bacterial, viral, or protozoan infection:
'''Babesiosis may commonly be misdiagnosed as the following diseases:'''
*Lyme disease
*Malaria
*Colorado tick fever
*Ehrlichiosis & Anaplasmosis
*Bartonellosis
*Rickettsiosis
*Taluremia
*Q fever
*Leptospirosis


===Bacterial===
'''The following is a list of common tick-borne diseases and their associated symptoms:'''
{| class="wikitable"
 
! style="font-weight: bold;" | Disease
{| style="font-size: 85%;"
! style="font-weight: bold;" | Organism
! style="width: 80px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" colspan="2" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Disease}}
! style="font-weight: bold;" | Vector
! style="width: 80px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Organism}}
! style="font-weight: bold;" | Endemic Regions
! style="width: 80px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Vector}}
! style="font-weight: bold;" | Symptoms
! style="width: 720px; background: #4479BA; text-align: center;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Symptoms}}
! style="font-weight: bold;" | Treatment
|-
| style="font-size: 14px; background: #7d7d7d; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Bacterial Infection'''}}
|
|
|-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ''[[Borreliosis]] ([[Lyme disease|Lyme Disease]])'' <ref name="Lyme CDC”">Lyme Disease Information for HealthCare Professionals. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/healthcare/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''[[Borrelia burgdorferi]]'' sensu lato complex and ''[[Borrelia mayonii|B. mayonii]]''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''[[I. scapularis]]'', ''[[I. pacificus]]'', ''[[I. ricinus]]'', and ''I. persulcatus''
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |[[Erythema migrans]], flu-like illness([[fatigue]], [[fever]]), [[Lyme arthritis]], [[neuroborreliosis]], and [[carditis]].
|-
|-
| style="font-style: italic;" | Borreliosis (Lyme Disease)
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | ''[[Relapsing Fever]]'' <ref name="TBRF CDC”">Relapsing Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  http://www.cdc.gov/relapsing-fever/ Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (bacterium)
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF):
| Deer Tick (Ixodes scapularis, I. pacificus, I. ricinus, I. persulcatus)
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''Borrelia duttoni'', ''Borrelia hermsii'', and ''Borrelia parkerii''
| North America, Europe, and Asia
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |''Ornithodoros'' species
| Flu-like illness, fatigue, fever, arthritis, neuroborreliosis, cranial nerve palsy, carditis and erythema migrans.
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" rowspan="2" | Consistently documented high [[fevers]], flu-like illness, [[headaches]], [[myalgia|muscular soreness]] or [[joint pain]], [[altered mental status]], [[painful urination]], [[rash]], and [[rigors]].
| Antibiotics (Doxycycline- if not pregnant.
or
Amoxicillin if pregnant)
|-
|-
| style="font-style: italic;" | Relapsing Fever
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) :
| Borrelia Species; Borrelia hermsii, Borellia Parkeri, Borellia duttoni, Borrelia miyamotoi
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''[[Borrelia recurrentis]]''
| Ornithodoros species
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |''[[Pediculus humanus]]''
| Spain, Saudi Arabia, Asia, Africa, Canada, and Western United States
| Consistently documented high fevers, flu-like illness, headaches, muscular soreness or joint pain, altered mental state, painful urination, rash, and rigors.
| Antibiotics (Doxycycline, Tetracycline, or Erythromycin**)
|-
|-
| colspan="5" style="font-weight: bold;" | Typhus (Diseases associated with the transfer of  Rickettsia Bacteria as listed below)
| style="font-size: 14px; background: #7d7d7d; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Typhus (Rickettsia)'''}}
|
|  
|  
|-
|-
| style="font-style: italic;" | Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ''[[Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever]]''
| Rickettsia Rickettsii
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''[[Rickettsia rickettsii]]''
| Wood Tick (Dermacentor Variabilis), D. andersoni
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''[[Dermacentor variabilis]]'', [[Dermacentor andersoni]]
| United States: East and Southwest
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | [[Fever]], [[altered mental status]], [[myalgia]], [[rash]], and [[headaches]].
| Fever, alterations in mental state, myalgia, rash, and headaches.
| Antibiotics- Doxycycline or Tetracycline.
|-
|-
| style="font-style: italic;" | Helvetica Spotted Fever
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ''[[Helvetica Spotted Fever]]'' <ref name="RMSF CDC”">Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  http://www.cdc.gov/rmsf/  Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| Rickettsia Helvetica
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''Rickettsia helvetica''
| Ixodes Ricinus (European)
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''[[Ixodes ricinus]]''
| Europe: Sweden, Switzerland, France and Laos
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | [[Rash]]: spotted, red dots. Respiratory symptoms ([[dyspnea]], [[cough]]), [[myalgia|muscle pain]], and [[headaches]].
| Rash: spotted, red dots. Respiratory issues, muscle pain, and headaches.
| Antibiotics- broad-spectrum therapy and phenoxymethylpenicillin.
|-
|-
| style="font-style: italic;" | Ehrlichiosis Anaplasmosis
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ''[[Ehrlichiosis Anaplasmosis|Ehrlichiosis (Anaplasmosis)]]'' <ref name="Ehrlichiosis CDC”">Disease index General  Information (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/health_professionals/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| Ehrlichia Chaffeensis, E. Equi
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii''
| Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma Americanum), Ixodes Scapularis
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''[[Amblyomma americanum]], [[Ixodes scapularis]]''
| United States: South Atlantic and South-central
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | [[Fever]], [[headache]], [[chills]], [[malaise]], [[myalgia|muscle pain]], [[nausea]], [[confusion]], [[conjunctivitis]], or [[rash]] (60% in children and 30% in adults).  
|  
|-
|  
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ''[[Tularemia]]'' <ref name="Tulameria CDC”">Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  \http://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/index.html  Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''[[Francisella tularensis]]''
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | [[Dermacentor andersoni|''Dermacentor andersoni'']]'', [[Dermacentor variabilis]]''
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Ulceroglandular, [[glandular]], oculoglandular, oroglandular, pneumonic, typhoidal.
|-
|-
| style="font-style: italic;" | Tularemia
| style="font-size: 14px; background: #7d7d7d; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Viral Infection'''}}
| Francisella Tularensis
| D. Andersoni, D. Variabilis
| United States: Found widespread throughout the region, including higher populations in the Southeast, South-central, and the West.
|  
|  
|  
|
|}
|-
 
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | Tick-borne [[meningoencephalitis]] <ref name="TBE CDC”">General Disease Information (TBE). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/tbe/ Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
Primary method of treatment**
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''TBEV virus''
 
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''[[Ixodes scapularis]]'', ''[[I. ricinus]]'', ''I. persulcatus''
 
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" | Early Phase: Non-specific symptoms including [[fever]], [[malaise]], [[anorexia]], [[myalgia|muscle pains]], [[headaches]], [[nausea]], and [[vomiting]]. Second Phase: [[Meningitis]] symptoms, [[headache]], [[stiff neck]], [[encephalitis]], [[drowsiness]], sensory disturbances, and potential [[paralysis]].
===Viral===
{| class="wikitable"
! style="font-weight: bold;" | Disease
! style="font-weight: bold;" | Organism
! style="font-weight: bold;" | Vector
! style="font-weight: bold;" | Endemic Regions
! style="font-weight: bold;" | Symptoms
! style="font-weight: bold;" | Treatment
|-
|-
| Tick-borne Meningoencephalitis
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | [[Colorado tick fever|Colorado Tick Fever]] <ref name="GenTickDis CDC”">General Tick Deisease Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015).  http://www.cdc.gov/coloradotickfever/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015</ref>
| TBEV virus
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''CTF virus''
| style="font-style: italic;" | Ixodes Scapularis, I. Ricinus, I.persulcatus
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |  ''[[Dermacentor andersoni]]''
| Europe and Northern Asia
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |Common symptoms include [[fever]], [[chills]], [[headache]], [[body aches]], and [[lethargy]]. Other symptoms associated with the disease include [[sore throat]], [[abdominal pain]], [[vomiting]], and a skin [[rash]]. A biphasic [[fever]] is a hallmark of Colorado Tick Fever and presents in nearly 50% of infected patients.
|
|
|-
|-
| Colorado Tick Fever
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | [[Crimean-Congo Hemmoragic Fever|Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever]]
| CTF virus
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |  ''[[CCHF virus]]''
| style="font-style: italic;" | Dermacentor andersoni
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | '' Hyalomma marginatum'', ''Rhipicephalus bursa''
| Western United States
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |Initially infected patients will likely feel a few of the following symptoms: [[headache]], high [[fever]], [[back pain|back]] and [[joint pain]], [[stomach pain]], [[vomiting]], flushed face, red throat [[petechiae]] of the [[palate]], and potentially changes in mood as well as sensory perception.
|  
|  
|-
|-
| Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
| style="font-size: 14px; background: #7d7d7d; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|'''Protozoan Infection'''}}
| CCHF virus
|
| style="font-style: italic;" | Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus bursa
|
| South Asia, North Africa, Southern Europe
|  
|  
|-
|-
| Severe Febrile Illness
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" colspan="2" | [[Babesiosis]] <ref name="Babesiosis CDC”">Babesiosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/disease.htmlAccessed December 8, 2015.</ref>
| Heartland Virus
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |  ''[[Babesia microti]], [[Babesia divergens]], Babesia equi''
| style="font-style: italic;" | Lone Star Tick (amblyomma americanum)
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | ''[[Ixodes scapularis]],  ''[[I. pacificus]]
| Missouri and Tennessee (United States)
 
|  
| style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |Non-specific flu-like symptoms.
|  
|}
|}
Babesiosis must be differentiated from other parasitic and tick borne diseases such as:
*Lyme disease
*Malaria
*Colorado tick fever
*Anaplasmosis
*Ehrlichiosis
*Bartonellosis
*Rickettsiosis
*Taluremia
*Q fever
*Leptospirosis


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Parasitic diseases]]
[[Category:Parasitic diseases]]
[[Category:Apicomplexa]]
[[Category:Apicomplexa]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]

Latest revision as of 18:03, 25 February 2019

Overview

Babesiosis must be differentiated from other tick-borne diseases that cause fever, soreness, and rash, such as Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted fever, and Colorado tick fever.

Differentiating Babesiosis from other Diseases

Babesiosis may commonly be misdiagnosed as the following diseases:

  • Lyme disease
  • Malaria
  • Colorado tick fever
  • Ehrlichiosis & Anaplasmosis
  • Bartonellosis
  • Rickettsiosis
  • Taluremia
  • Q fever
  • Leptospirosis

The following is a list of common tick-borne diseases and their associated symptoms:

Disease Organism Vector Symptoms
Bacterial Infection
Borreliosis (Lyme Disease) [1] Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex and B. mayonii I. scapularis, I. pacificus, I. ricinus, and I. persulcatus Erythema migrans, flu-like illness(fatigue, fever), Lyme arthritis, neuroborreliosis, and carditis.
Relapsing Fever [2] Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF): Borrelia duttoni, Borrelia hermsii, and Borrelia parkerii Ornithodoros species Consistently documented high fevers, flu-like illness, headaches, muscular soreness or joint pain, altered mental status, painful urination, rash, and rigors.
Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) : Borrelia recurrentis Pediculus humanus
Typhus (Rickettsia)
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Rickettsia rickettsii Dermacentor variabilis, Dermacentor andersoni Fever, altered mental status, myalgia, rash, and headaches.
Helvetica Spotted Fever [3] Rickettsia helvetica Ixodes ricinus Rash: spotted, red dots. Respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough), muscle pain, and headaches.
Ehrlichiosis (Anaplasmosis) [4] Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii Amblyomma americanum, Ixodes scapularis Fever, headache, chills, malaise, muscle pain, nausea, confusion, conjunctivitis, or rash (60% in children and 30% in adults).
Tularemia [5] Francisella tularensis Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis Ulceroglandular, glandular, oculoglandular, oroglandular, pneumonic, typhoidal.
Viral Infection
Tick-borne meningoencephalitis [6] TBEV virus Ixodes scapularis, I. ricinus, I. persulcatus Early Phase: Non-specific symptoms including fever, malaise, anorexia, muscle pains, headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Second Phase: Meningitis symptoms, headache, stiff neck, encephalitis, drowsiness, sensory disturbances, and potential paralysis.
Colorado Tick Fever [7] CTF virus Dermacentor andersoni Common symptoms include fever, chills, headache, body aches, and lethargy. Other symptoms associated with the disease include sore throat, abdominal pain, vomiting, and a skin rash. A biphasic fever is a hallmark of Colorado Tick Fever and presents in nearly 50% of infected patients.
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever CCHF virus Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus bursa Initially infected patients will likely feel a few of the following symptoms: headache, high fever, back and joint pain, stomach pain, vomiting, flushed face, red throat petechiae of the palate, and potentially changes in mood as well as sensory perception.
Protozoan Infection
Babesiosis [8] Babesia microti, Babesia divergens, Babesia equi Ixodes scapularis, I. pacificus Non-specific flu-like symptoms.

References

  1. ↑ Lyme Disease Information for HealthCare Professionals. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/healthcare/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
  2. ↑ Relapsing Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/relapsing-fever/ Accessed on December 30, 2015
  3. ↑ Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/rmsf/ Accessed on December 30, 2015
  4. ↑ Disease index General Information (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/health_professionals/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
  5. ↑ Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). \http://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
  6. ↑ General Disease Information (TBE). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/tbe/ Accessed on December 30, 2015
  7. ↑ General Tick Deisease Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/coloradotickfever/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
  8. ↑ Babesiosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/disease.htmlAccessed December 8, 2015.
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