Atrial septal defect risk factors

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Atrial Septal Defect Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Anatomy

Classification

Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect
Ostium Primum Atrial Septal Defect
Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect
Coronary Sinus
Patent Foramen Ovale
Common or Single Atrium

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History and Prognosis

Complications

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography

Transesophageal Echocardiography
Transthoracic Echocardiography
Contrast Echocardiography
M-Mode
Doppler

Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound

Cardiac Catheterization

Exercise Testing

ACC/AHA Guidelines for Evaluation of Unoperated Patients

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Indications for Surgical Repair
Surgical Closure
Minimally Invasive Repair


Robotic ASD Repair
Percutaneous Closure
Post-Surgical Follow Up

Special Scenarios

Pregnancy
Diving and Decompression Sickness
Paradoxical Emboli
Pulmonary Hypertension
Eisenmenger's Syndrome
Atmospheric Pressure

Case Studies

Case #1

Atrial septal defect risk factors On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Atrial septal defect risk factors

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Atrial septal defect risk factors

CDC on Atrial septal defect risk factors

Atrial septal defect risk factors in the news

Blogs on Atrial septal defect risk factors

Directions to Hospitals Treating Type page name here

Risk calculators and risk factors for Atrial septal defect risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [[2]]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [[4]]

Overview

The cause of atrial septal defects is not known. However, it has been found to occur with increased frequencies in patients with Down syndrome, thus suggesting some genetic association. As a parent, if you or a sibling of a child have a congenital heart defect, then you should consider genetic counseling.

Risk factors

Factors that can increase the risk of having atrial septal defects are

Though the causes for atrial septal defects are not clear, some factors have been found to increase the risk for having these conditions.

  • Increased familial occurence- Secundum atrial septal defects have been found to occur with increased frequencies in families. In a study done by Whittemore et al. the risk of having congenital heart disease in a child born to a mother with congenital heart disease has been found to somewhere between 8% to 10%.[1], [2]
  • Genetics - In some studies the genes responsible for atrial septal defects has been shown to be located on chromosome 5 [3]. An autosomal dominant inheritance with mutations in the cardiac transcription factor have been found. These heart defects have been found to be associated with some skeletal abnormalities like Holt-Oram syndrome. Both secundum and primum ASDs have been found to be associated with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).

Some general factors in the mother that may increase the risk of congenital heart diseases include

  • Genetics as stated above
  • Age over 40
  • Alcoholism [4].
  • Diabetes
  • Prenatal nutrition
  • Rubella or other viral illness during pregnancy

References

  1. Whittemore R, Wells JA, Castellsague X (1994). "A second-generation study of 427 probands with congenital heart defects and their 837 children". J Am Coll Cardiol. 23 (6): 1459–67. PMID 8176107.
  2. Benson DW, Sharkey A, Fatkin D, Lang P, Basson CT, McDonough B; et al. (1998). "Reduced penetrance, variable expressivity, and genetic heterogeneity of familial atrial septal defects". Circulation. 97 (20): 2043–8. PMID 9610535.
  3. Schott JJ, Benson DW, Basson CT, Pease W, Silberbach GM, Moak JP; et al. (1998). "Congenital heart disease caused by mutations in the transcription factor NKX2-5". Science. 281 (5373): 108–11. PMID 9651244.
  4. Tikkanen J, Heinonen OP (1992). "Risk factors for atrial septal defect". Eur J Epidemiol. 8 (4): 509–15. PMID 1397217.

Template:WH Template:WS