Atrial septal defect electrocardiogram

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Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defect
Ostium Primum Atrial Septal Defect
Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect
Coronary Sinus
Patent Foramen Ovale
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3] Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [4]

Overview

Electrocardiogram may be used as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of an atrial septal defect. ECG findings associated with an atrial septal defect may include right atrial enlargement, right-axis deviation, PR prolongation (first degree heart block), right bundle branch block, right ventricular hypertrophy, left and right axis deviation, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and junctional rhythms.

Electrocardiogram

The ECG findings in atrial septal defect vary with the type of defect present.

  • It may be normal with an uncomplicated ASD and a small shunt.

Lesion specific electrocardiogram findings

  • Ostium primum ASD - The first degree heart block is found to happen more frequently with ostium primum ASD compared to the other types due to the involvement of 'Bundle of His' present in the close proximity of the defect. Both of these can cause an increased distance of internodal conduction from the SA node to the AV node.[1] Ostium primum ASDs are associated with a marked superior left axis deviation.

The 12 lead EKG below shows the rSR' pattern in V1 (R' greater than S with T wave inversion which is commonly seen in volume overload in Right Ventricular Hypertrophy)


The 12 lead EKG below shows right atrial enlargement and an rSR' pattern in V1 (R' greater than S with T wave inversion which is commonly seen in volume overload in Right Ventricular Hypertrophy))

References

  1. Clark E, Kugler J (1982). "Preoperative secundum atrial septal defect with coexisting sinus node and atrioventricular node dysfunction". Circulation. 65 (5): 976–80. PMID 7074763.
  2. Bizarro RO, Callahan JA, Feldt RH, Kurland LT, Gordon H, Brandenburg RO (1970). "Familial atrial septal defect with prolonged atrioventricular conduction. A syndrome showing the autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance". Circulation. 41 (4): 677–83. PMID 5437412.

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