Atrial fibrillation causes

	Atrial Fibrillation Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Atrial Fibrillation from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Special Groups Postoperative AF Acute Myocardial Infarction Wolff-Parkinson-White Preexcitation Syndrome Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Hyperthyroidism Pulmonary Diseases Pregnancy ACS and/or PCI or valve intervention Heart failure
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram EKG Examples A-Fib with LBBB
Chest X Ray
Echocardiography
Holter Monitoring and Exercise Stress Testing
Cardiac MRI
Treatment
Rate and Rhythm Control
Cardioversion Overview Electrical Cardioversion Pharmacological Cardioversion
Anticoagulation Overview Warfarin Converting from or to Warfarin Converting from or to Parenteral Anticoagulants Dabigatran
Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm
Surgery Catheter Ablation AV Nodal Ablation Surgical Ablation Cardiac Surgery
Specific Patient Groups
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Supportive Trial Data
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Case Studies
Case #1
Atrial fibrillation causes On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Atrial fibrillation causes
CDC on Atrial fibrillation causes
Atrial fibrillation causes in the news
Blogs on Atrial fibrillation causes
Directions to Hospitals Treating Atrial fibrillation causes
Risk calculators and risk factors for Atrial fibrillation causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

The most common cause of atrial fibrillation is atrial dilation associated with hypertension. Approximately 1/3 of patients have familial atrial fibrillation which is due to an underlying genetic disorder. Given the number of patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting in the developed world, this is an increasing underlying cause of atrial fibrillation. Other general causes include the advancing age of the population this hemodynamic stress of heart failure and valvular heart disease, myocardial ischemia, a variety of inflammatory disorders, pulmonary diseases, alcohol and drug abuse, and endocrine disorders.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Atrial ischemia, atrial myxoma, atrial septal defect,^[6] cardiac tumors, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, constrictive pericarditis, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, coronary artery disease, endocarditis, familial atrial fibrillation, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease,^[1]^[2] hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,^[7]^[8] Lutembacher syndrome, mitral regurgitation,^[5] mitral stenosis, myocardial infarction,^[3] myocarditis pericarditis , peripartum cardiomyopathy,^[9] pulmonary embolism,^[4] pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis, unstable angina, uremic pericarditis, valvular heart disease
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Conivaptan, porfimer sodium
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Diabetes,^[10] hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	Hemochromatosis
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Viral infections
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage
Nutritional/Metabolic	Electrolyte disturbance, hemochromatosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Bronchogenic carcinoma, cardiac tumors, lung cancer, pheochromocytoma
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	Alcohol withdrawal, alcohol, cocaine, methamphetamines
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Bronchogenic carcinoma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,^[11] hypoxia, lung cancer, obstructive sleep apnea, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism,^[4] pulmonary hypertension
Renal/Electrolyte	Channelopaties , chronic kidney disease, renal insufficiency
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Collagen vascular disease, rheumatic heart disease,^[5] sarcoidosis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Breath spray,^[12] caffeine, dehydration, fatigue, hypothermia, psychological stress, surgery

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Krahn, AD.; Manfreda, J.; Tate, RB.; Mathewson, FA.; Cuddy, TE. (1995). "The natural history of atrial fibrillation: incidence, risk factors, and prognosis in the Manitoba Follow-Up Study". Am J Med. 98 (5): 476–84. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(99)80348-9. PMID 7733127. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Kannel, WB.; Abbott, RD.; Savage, DD.; McNamara, PM. (1982). "Epidemiologic features of chronic atrial fibrillation: the Framingham study". N Engl J Med. 306 (17): 1018–22. doi:10.1056/NEJM198204293061703. PMID 7062992. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Zimetbaum, PJ.; Josephson, ME.; McDonald, MJ.; McClennen, S.; Korley, V.; Ho, KK.; Papageorgiou, P.; Cohen, DJ. (2000). "Incidence and predictors of myocardial infarction among patients with atrial fibrillation". J Am Coll Cardiol. 36 (4): 1223–7. PMID 11028474. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Goldhaber, SZ.; Visani, L.; De Rosa, M. (1999). "Acute pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER)". Lancet. 353 (9162): 1386–9. PMID 10227218. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Grigioni, F.; Avierinos, JF.; Ling, LH.; Scott, CG.; Bailey, KR.; Tajik, AJ.; Frye, RL.; Enriquez-Sarano, M. (2002). "Atrial fibrillation complicating the course of degenerative mitral regurgitation: determinants and long-term outcome". J Am Coll Cardiol. 40 (1): 84–92. PMID 12103260. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Tikoff, G.; Schmidt, AM.; Hecht, HH. (1968). "Atrial fibrillation in atrial septal defect". Arch Intern Med. 121 (5): 402–5. PMID 5645716. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Robinson, K.; Frenneaux, MP.; Stockins, B.; Karatasakis, G.; Poloniecki, JD.; McKenna, WJ. (1990). "Atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a longitudinal study". J Am Coll Cardiol. 15 (6): 1279–85. PMID 2329232. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Cecchi, F.; Olivotto, I.; Montereggi, A.; Santoro, G.; Dolara, A.; Maron, BJ. (1995). "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Tuscany: clinical course and outcome in an unselected regional population". J Am Coll Cardiol. 26 (6): 1529–36. doi:10.1016/0735-1097(95)00353-3. PMID 7594081. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 WALSH, JJ.; BURCH, GE.; BLACK, WC.; FERRANS, VJ.; HIBBS, RG. (1965). "IDIOPATHIC MYOCARDIOPATHY OF THE PUERPERIUM (POSTPARTAL HEART DISEASE)". Circulation. 32: 19–31. PMID 14314486. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^10.0 ^10.1 Benjamin, EJ.; Levy, D.; Vaziri, SM.; D'Agostino, RB.; Belanger, AJ.; Wolf, PA. (1994). "Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study". JAMA. 271 (11): 840–4. PMID 8114238. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^11.0 ^11.1 Buch, P.; Friberg, J.; Scharling, H.; Lange, P.; Prescott, E. (2003). "Reduced lung function and risk of atrial fibrillation in the Copenhagen City Heart Study". Eur Respir J. 21 (6): 1012–6. PMID 12797497. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 Ridker PM, Gibson CM, Lopez R (1989). "Atrial fibrillation induced by breath spray". N Engl J Med. 320 (2): 124. PMID 2914028.

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[Krahn-1995-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Krahn, AD.; Manfreda, J.; Tate, RB.; Mathewson, FA.; Cuddy, TE. (1995). "The natural history of atrial fibrillation: incidence, risk factors, and prognosis in the Manitoba Follow-Up Study". Am J Med. 98 (5): 476–84. doi:10.1016/S0002-9343(99)80348-9. PMID 7733127. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Kannel-1982-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Kannel, WB.; Abbott, RD.; Savage, DD.; McNamara, PM. (1982). "Epidemiologic features of chronic atrial fibrillation: the Framingham study". N Engl J Med. 306 (17): 1018–22. doi:10.1056/NEJM198204293061703. PMID 7062992. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Zimetbaum-2000-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Zimetbaum, PJ.; Josephson, ME.; McDonald, MJ.; McClennen, S.; Korley, V.; Ho, KK.; Papageorgiou, P.; Cohen, DJ. (2000). "Incidence and predictors of myocardial infarction among patients with atrial fibrillation". J Am Coll Cardiol. 36 (4): 1223–7. PMID 11028474. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Goldhaber-1999-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Goldhaber, SZ.; Visani, L.; De Rosa, M. (1999). "Acute pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER)". Lancet. 353 (9162): 1386–9. PMID 10227218. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Grigioni-2002-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 Grigioni, F.; Avierinos, JF.; Ling, LH.; Scott, CG.; Bailey, KR.; Tajik, AJ.; Frye, RL.; Enriquez-Sarano, M. (2002). "Atrial fibrillation complicating the course of degenerative mitral regurgitation: determinants and long-term outcome". J Am Coll Cardiol. 40 (1): 84–92. PMID 12103260. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Tikoff-1968-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Tikoff, G.; Schmidt, AM.; Hecht, HH. (1968). "Atrial fibrillation in atrial septal defect". Arch Intern Med. 121 (5): 402–5. PMID 5645716. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Robinson-1990-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Robinson, K.; Frenneaux, MP.; Stockins, B.; Karatasakis, G.; Poloniecki, JD.; McKenna, WJ. (1990). "Atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a longitudinal study". J Am Coll Cardiol. 15 (6): 1279–85. PMID 2329232. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Cecchi-1995-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Cecchi, F.; Olivotto, I.; Montereggi, A.; Santoro, G.; Dolara, A.; Maron, BJ. (1995). "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Tuscany: clinical course and outcome in an unselected regional population". J Am Coll Cardiol. 26 (6): 1529–36. doi:10.1016/0735-1097(95)00353-3. PMID 7594081. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[WALSH-1965-9] 9.0 ^9.1 WALSH, JJ.; BURCH, GE.; BLACK, WC.; FERRANS, VJ.; HIBBS, RG. (1965). "IDIOPATHIC MYOCARDIOPATHY OF THE PUERPERIUM (POSTPARTAL HEART DISEASE)". Circulation. 32: 19–31. PMID 14314486. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Benjamin-1994-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Benjamin, EJ.; Levy, D.; Vaziri, SM.; D'Agostino, RB.; Belanger, AJ.; Wolf, PA. (1994). "Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study". JAMA. 271 (11): 840–4. PMID 8114238. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Buch-2003-11] 11.0 ^11.1 Buch, P.; Friberg, J.; Scharling, H.; Lange, P.; Prescott, E. (2003). "Reduced lung function and risk of atrial fibrillation in the Copenhagen City Heart Study". Eur Respir J. 21 (6): 1012–6. PMID 12797497. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[pmid2914028-12] 12.0 ^12.1 Ridker PM, Gibson CM, Lopez R (1989). "Atrial fibrillation induced by breath spray". N Engl J Med. 320 (2): 124. PMID 2914028.

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Atrial Fibrillation Microchapters
Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Atrial Fibrillation from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Special Groups Postoperative AF Acute Myocardial Infarction Wolff-Parkinson-White Preexcitation Syndrome Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Hyperthyroidism Pulmonary Diseases Pregnancy ACS and/or PCI or valve intervention Heart failure

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram EKG Examples A-Fib with LBBB

Chest X Ray

Echocardiography

Holter Monitoring and Exercise Stress Testing

Cardiac MRI

Treatment

Rate and Rhythm Control

Cardioversion Overview Electrical Cardioversion Pharmacological Cardioversion

Anticoagulation Overview Warfarin Converting from or to Warfarin Converting from or to Parenteral Anticoagulants Dabigatran

Maintenance of Sinus Rhythm

Surgery Catheter Ablation AV Nodal Ablation Surgical Ablation Cardiac Surgery
Specific Patient Groups

Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention

Supportive Trial Data

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Case Studies

Case #1

Atrial fibrillation causes On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Atrial fibrillation causes

CDC on Atrial fibrillation causes

Atrial fibrillation causes in the news

Blogs on Atrial fibrillation causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating Atrial fibrillation causes

Risk calculators and risk factors for Atrial fibrillation causes