Atrial fibrillation historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anahita Deylamsalehi, M.D.[2]
Overview
The first time atrial fibrillation was described was between 1696 and 2598 BC by a Chinese physician named Huang Ti. He described atrial fibrillation as a disease with irregular pulses and tremulous beats. William Harvey was the first one who found out atrium as the origin of the abnormal pulse in 1628. Jean-Baptiste de Senac (1693–1770) and Robert Adams (1827) were the first who mentioned atrium as the main origin of atrial fibrillation. For the first time in 1894 Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann introduced multi foci origins of irregular pulses in the atrial fibrillation. Disappearance of presystolic ‘a’ wave in the jugular phlebogram was first detected by Mackenzie (1853–1925). First time in 1906 an electrical tracing (ECG) of atrial fibrillation was published by Einthoven. William Withering was the first one who introduced the therapeutic properties of the digitalis leaf (digitalis purpurea) in 1785.
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- Probably the first time atrial fibrillation was described was between 1696 and 2598 BC by a Chinese physician named Huang Ti who delineated it as a disease with irregular pulses and tremulous beats.[1]
- William Harvey was the first one who found out atrium as the origin of the abnormal pulse in 1628.[2]
- Jean-Baptiste de Senac (1693–1770) reported mitral valve diseases and the subsequent reflux as the etiology of atrial fibrillation. He described how reflux leads to a dilated atrium which causes an irregular and abnormal atrium activity. Moreover he seems to be the first one who noticed that origin of atrial fibrillation is different from normal heart pulses.[3]
- In 1827 Robert Adams recognized mitral stenosis as one of the atrial fibrillation etiologies.[4]
- In 1839 a physician named Hope studied the effect of physical exercise on atrial fibrillation. He descried that based on his observations exercise increases the irregularity of pulses and will augment the problem.[5]
- For the first time in 1894 Theodor Wilhelm Engelmann introduced multi foci origins of irregular pulses in the atrial fibrillation.[2]
- Mackenzie (1853–1925) described how irregular pulses in atrial fibrillation leads to disappearance of presystolic ‘a’ wave in the jugular phlebogram.[6]
- First time in 1906 an electrical tracing (ECG) of atrial fibrillation was published by Einthoven.[7][8]
- Viennse Rothenberger and Winterberger observed and demonstrated the pathology of atrial fibrillation in 1915. They introduced the active ectopic foci which are spontaneous rapidly discharging regions in atrium as the responsible etiology. [4]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- William Withering was the first one who introduced the therapeutic properties of the digitalis leaf (digitalis purpurea) in 1785. His discovery brought comfort to many atrial fibrillation patients.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lip GY, Beevers DG (1995). "ABC of atrial fibrillation. History, epidemiology, and importance of atrial fibrillation". BMJ. 311 (7016): 1361–3. doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7016.1361. PMC 2551280. PMID 7496293.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Flegel KM (1995). "From delirium cordis to atrial fibrillation: historical development of a disease concept". Ann Intern Med. 122 (11): 867–73. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-122-11-199506010-00010. PMID 7741373.
- ↑ McMichael J (1982). "History of atrial fibrillation 1628-1819 Harvey - de Senac - Laënnec". Br Heart J. 48 (3): 193–7. doi:10.1136/hrt.48.3.193. PMC 481228. PMID 7049202.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hanon S, Shapiro M, Schweitzer P (2005). "A troubled beginning: evolving concepts of an old arrhythmia". J Electrocardiol. 38 (3): 213–7. doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2005.01.007. PMID 16003704.
- ↑ McMichael J (1981). "Sir James Mackenzie and atrial fibrillation--a new perspective". J R Coll Gen Pract. 31 (228): 402–6. PMC 1972130. PMID 7033523.
- ↑ Fazekas T, Liszkai G (2002). "[History of atrial fibrillation]". Orv Hetil. 143 (6): 285–9. PMID 11915187.
- ↑ Schweitzer P, Keller S (2002). "A history of atrial fibrillation". Vnitr Lek. 48 Suppl 1: 24–6. PMID 12744013.
- ↑ Fye WB (2006). "Tracing atrial fibrillation--100 years". N Engl J Med. 355 (14): 1412–4. doi:10.1056/NEJMp068059. PMID 17021316.