Atrial flutter causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Atrial flutter is caused by a re-entrant rhythm in either the right or left atrium. Causes of atrial flutter can be grouped into two categories, intrinsic diseases and abnormalities of the heart and diseases elsewhere in the body that can affect the heart. Most common causes of atrial flutter are coronary artery disease, hypertensive heart disease and valve abnormalities of the heart.

Causes

Common Causes

Common causes of atrial flutter include:

Causes By Organ System

Cardiovascular Atherosclerosis, Atrial myxoma, Cardiomyopathy, Cardiac surgery (scarring), Congenital heart disease, Congestive heart failure, Heart attack, Hypertension, LV hypertrophy, Left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction (LVHT), Mitral valve prolapse, Mitral valve stenosis, Myocardial ischemia, Pericarditis, Rheumatic heart valve
Chemical / poisoning No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Amphetamines, Diet pills
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Diabetes, Hyperthyroidism, Obesity, Pheochromocytoma
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Myotonic dystrophy (rare)
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity Digitalis toxicity
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Hypoxia, Pulmonary embolism
Renal / Electrolyte Electrolyte imbalance
Rheum / Immune / Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Alcohol consumption, Caffeine, Cocaine, Sarcoidosis

Causes In Alphabetical Order

References

  1. Gutierrez SD, Earing MG, Singh AK, Tweddell JS, Bartz PJ (2012). "Atrial Tachyarrhythmias and the Cox-maze Procedure in Congenital Heart Disease". Congenit Heart Dis. doi:10.1111/chd.12031. PMID 23280242. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. Fukamizu S, Sakurada H, Hayashi T; et al. (2012). "Macroreentrant Atrial Tachycardia in Patients without Previous Atrial Surgery or Catheter Ablation: Clinical and Electrophysiological Characteristics of Scar-Related Left Atrial Anterior Wall Reentry". J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. doi:10.1111/jce.12059. PMID 23279349. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. Yim SM, Jang SW, Chun HJ; et al. (2012). "A case of left ventricular noncompaction accompanying fasciculo-ventricular accessory pathway and atrial flutter". Korean Circ J. 42 (10): 705–8. doi:10.4070/kcj.2012.42.10.705. PMC 3493809. PMID 23170100. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. Namboodiri N, Stiles MK, Young GD, Sanders P (2012). "Electrophysiological features of atrial flutter in cardiac sarcoidosis: a report of two cases". Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 12 (6): 284–9. PMC 3513242. PMID 23233762. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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