Trismus
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2] Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Trismus (also known as lock jaw) is the inability to normally open the mouth due to one of many causes.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
- Acute osteomyelitis
- Coral snake poisoning
- Dental tissue neoplasm
- Fibrosis
- Funnel web spider poisoning
- Horseshoe crab poisoning
Common Causes
- Acute osteomyelitis
- Ankylosis
- Condylar fracture
- Gaucher disease
- Local anesthesia
- Pericoronitis
- Inflammation of mastication muscles
- Peritonsillar abscess
- Radiation therapy
- Temporomandibular joint disorder
- Tetanus
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Acetaminophen
- Acute parotitis
- Acute osteomyelitis
- Amphetamine
- Ankylosis
- Arthritis
- Arthrogryposis
- Broken jaw
- Burns
- Clostridium tetani
- Condylar fracture
- Coral snake poisoning
- Coronoid hyperplasia
- Crisponi syndrome
- Damage to the trigeminal nerve
- Dental caries
- Dental tissue neoplasm
- Drug associated dyskinesia
- Epidermolysis bullosa
- Facial neuralgia
- Facial pain
- Facial trauma
- Fibrosis
- Fractured mandibular condyle
- Funnel web spider poisoning
- Gaucher disease
- Hematoma of medial pterygoid
- Horseshoe crab poisoning
- Hypocalcemia
- Hysteria
- Idiopathic orofacial dystonia
- Iida-kannari syndrome
- Impacted wisdom tooth
- Infection
- Jaw ankylosis
- Jaw pain
- Local anesthesia
- Local malignancy
- Ludwig angina
- Malignant hyperpyrexia
- Malingering
- Mastication muscle inflammation
- Mdma
- Medial pterygoid
- Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
- Mumps
- Myofascial pain
- Myositis
- Neuroleptics
- Odontogenic infection
- Oral submucous fibrosis
- Osteoarthritis
- Osteophyte formation
- Pericoronitis
- Peritonsillar abscess
- Perphenazine
- Post surgical edema
- Prolonged dental treatment
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Quinsy
- Rabies
- Radiation fibrosis
- Radiation therapy
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Scleroderma
- Seizure disorder
- Septic arthritis
- Stroke
- Strychnine
- Submasseteric abscess
- Submucous fibrosis
- Supraglottic laryngeal cancer
- Surgery
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Systemic sclerosis
- Temporomandibular joint disorder
- Tetanus
- Tonsillitis
- Trauma
- Traumatic synovitis
- Trichinella spiralis
- Trichiniasis
- Trismus pseudocamptodactyly syndrome
- Tumors
Treatment
Treatment requires treating the underlying condition. Additionally, control of symptoms with pain medications (NSAIDs), muscle relaxants, and warm compresses may be used.