Horseshoe kidney classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Horseshoe kidney may be classified into three groups based on:

1. morphological appearance of fusion,
2. Site of the fusion,
3. Vascular supply or angiographic appearance of the vessels.

Classification

Classification according to the morphological appearance:

• :U' Shaped, when the lower poles of symmetrically placed kidneys on either sides of vertebral column,fuse together.
• Inverted 'U' shaped when upper poles of symmetrically placed kidneys on either sides of vertebral column, fuse together.
• 'L' Shaped when one asymmetrical vertically placed kidney fuse with another asymmetrical horizontally placed kidney leading to 'L' shape.

Classification according to the site of fusion:

Horseshoe kidney can also be be classified into two groups, based on the site of fusion:

• Symmetrical (mid line fusion)
• Asymmetrical (lateral fusion)

Classification according to the vascular supply:

Graves described 6 basic patterns of arterial supply in horseshoe kidney, by means of resin cast:

[Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on:

• [Classification method 1]
• [Classification method 2]
• [Classification method 3]

OR

Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.

OR

If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features:

According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2].

OR

The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system].

OR

There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name].