Horseshoe kidney natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
The majority of patients with horseshoe kidney are asymptomatic and incidentally detected during renal imaging. However the outcome depends on associated urological problems.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The majority of patients with horseshoe kidney are asymptomatic and incidentally detected during renal imaging. However the outcome depends on associated urological problems.
Complications
- Common complications of horseshoe kidney include:[1]
- Pelviureteric junction obstruction leading to hydronephrosis
- Vesicoureteric reflux
- Renal stones
- Urinary tract infection
- Increased risk of nephroblastoma and an approximately threefold to fourfold higher risk for cancer of the renal pelvis[2]
- Increased risk for extrarenal disorders that has been associated with horseshoe kidney including:[3]
- Gastrointestinal tract malformations
- Vertebral malformations
- CNS disorders
- Cardiovascular disease
- Increasing association with Wilm's tumor
- Blunt traumatic injury as low positioning prevents protection by ribs[4]
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally excellent in majority of the patients,without any intervention unless there is an associated complication.[5][6]
References
- ↑ Shah HU, Ojili V (2017). "Multimodality imaging spectrum of complications of horseshoe kidney". Indian J Radiol Imaging. 27 (2): 133–140. doi:10.4103/ijri.IJRI_298_16. PMC 5510309. PMID 28744072.
- ↑ . 2012. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-41746-X. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Je BK, Kim HK, Horn PS (2015). "Incidence and Spectrum of Renal Complications and Extrarenal Diseases and Syndromes in 380 Children and Young Adults With Horseshoe Kidney". AJR Am J Roentgenol. 205 (6): 1306–14. doi:10.2214/AJR.15.14625. PMID 26587938.
- ↑ Pascual Samaniego M, Bravo Fernández I, Ruiz Serrano M, Ramos Martín JA, Lázaro Méndez J, García González A (2006). "[Traumatic rupture of a horseshoe kidney]". Actas Urol Esp. 30 (4): 424–8. PMID 16838618.
- ↑ GLENN JF (1959). "Analysis of 51 patients with horseshoe kidney". N Engl J Med. 261: 684–7. doi:10.1056/NEJM195910012611402. PMID 13828436.
- ↑ Culp OS (1944). "Treatment of Horseshoe Kidneys". Ann Surg. 119 (5): 777–87. PMC 1617854. PMID 17858404.