Thymoma surgery
Thymoma Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
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Case Studies |
Thymoma surgery On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Thymoma surgery |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amr Marawan, M.D. [2] Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [3]
Overview
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment of thymoma.
Surgery
- Complete resection may require resection of the adjacent structures, including pleura, lungs, pericardium, phrenic nerves and sometimes major vascular structures.
- Pleural surfaces should be examined for metastasis.
- There is no long term data to support minimally invasive procedures.[1]
- A full median sternotomy is the standard open approach.
- The mediastinum must be explored for cervical thymus extensions and laterally down to the phrenic nerves.
Stage I | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
**Diagnosis of thymoma | Resectable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chemotherapy single agent e.g. IFo or combination e.g. ADOC or CAPP | Surgical resection | Incomplete resection | Radio/chemo therapy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stage II/III/IV | Unresectable | Radiotherapy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
**Relapse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Resectable | Unresectable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Radiotherapy | Corticosteroids/octreotide | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Surgical resection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Incomplete resection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Radiotherapy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. If the tumor is apparently invasive and large, preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may be used to decrease the size and improve resectability, before surgery is attempted. When the tumor is an early stage (Masaoka I through IIB), no further therapy is necessary. Malignant tumors may need additional treatment with radiotherapy, or sometimes with chemotherapy, such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin.[3]
References
- ↑ "https://www.nccn.org/store/login/login.aspx?ReturnURL=http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/thymic.pdf" (PDF). External link in
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(help) - ↑ "http://www.cancertreatmentreviews.com/article/S0305-7372(11)00249-0/abstract". External link in
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(help) - ↑ Thomas CR, Wright CD, Loehrer PJ (1999). "Thymoma: state of the art". Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 17 (7): 2280–9. PMID 10561285. Text "accessdate" ignored (help); Unknown parameter
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