Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Microchapters |
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Differentiating Nasopharyngeal carcinoma from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Nasopharyngeal carcinoma staging |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2]
Overview
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is staged using the TNM staging system with derived stage groupings.
Staging
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is staged using the TNM staging system with derived stage groupings.
TNM staging
Primary tumor
- Tx: primary tumour cannot be assessed
- T0: no evidence of primary tumour
- Tis: carcinoma in situ
- T1: tumour is confined to the nasopharynx
- T2: tumour extends to soft tissues of the oropharynx and/or nasal fossa
- T2a: without extension to the parapharyngeal region
- T2b: with extension to the parapharyngeal region
- T3: invasion of adjacent bony structures and/or paranasal sinuses
- T4: invasion of any one or more of the following
- intracranial content
- cranial nerves
- infratemporal fossa/masticator space
- hypopharynx
- orbit
Nodal status
- Nx: nodes cannot be assessed
- N0: no evidence of nodal involvement
- N1: unilateral nodal involvement <6cm maximal diameter above supracalvicular fossa
- N2: bilateral nodal involvement <6cm maximal diameter above supracalvicular fossa
- N3
- N3a: >6 cm maximal diameter (unilateral or bilateral)
- N3b: involvement of the supracalvicular fossa
Metastases
- Mx: presence of metastases cannot be assessed
- M0: no evidence of metastases
- M1: distant metastases present
Stage groupings
- Stage 0: Tis, N0, M0
- Stage 1: T1, N0, M0
- Stage 2a: T2a, N0, M0
- Stage 2b: T2b, N0, M0 or T0-T2, N1, M0
- Stage 3: T3, N0-2, M0 or T0-T2, N2, M0
- Stage 4a: T4, N0-2, M0
- Stage 4b: any T, N3, M0
- Stage 4c: any T, any N, M1