Gynecomastia causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
In alphabetical order. [1] [2]
- Acromegaly
- Adrenal Cancer
- Androgen-insensitivity Syndrome
- Breast Cancer
- Carcinoid
- Chromophobe adenoma
- Chronic Liver Disease
- Chronic renal insufficiency
- Cirrhosis
- Congenital anorchia
- Extragonadal germ cell tumors
- Familial gynecomastia
- Five alpha-reductase deficiency Syndrome
- Hemochromatosis
- Hepatitis
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hypogonadism
- Hypopituitarism
- Hypothyroidism
- Idiopathic
- Kallman Syndrome
- Kidney Carcinoma
- Klinefelter Syndrome
- Liver cancer
- Local irradiation
- Lung cancer
- Medications/drugs:
- Alcohol
- Anabolics
- Chemotherapeutics
- Chlorpromazine
- Cimetidine
- Clomiphene
- Diazepam
- Digoxin
- Estrogens
- Etomidate
- Finasteride
- Heroin
- Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
- Isoniazid
- Ketoconazole
- Marijuana
- Methadone
- Methyldopa
- Metoclopramide
- Metronidazole
- Nifedipine
- Olanzapine
- Omeprazole
- Penicillamine
- Phenothiazine
- Persistent postpubertal/elderly gynecomastia
- Physiologic gynecomastia of puberty
- Re-feeding after starvation
- Stomach cancer
- Testicular cancer
- Testicular trauma
- Thyroid Disease
- Torsion of testes
- Viral orchitis
According to underlying pathophysiology, the causes of gynecomastia are:
Decreased Testosterone
- Androgen-insensitivity syndrome
- Congenital anorchia
- Five alpha-reductase deficiency
- Hypopituitarism
- Kallman Syndrome
- Klinefelter Syndrome
- Renal Failure
- Testicular trauma
- Torsion of the testes
- Viral orchitis
Increased Estrogens
- Adrenal cancer
- Chronic liver disease
- Extragonadal germ cell tumors
- Familial gynecomastia
- Hyperthyroidism
- Kidney carcinoma
- Liver cancer
- Lung carcinoma
- Malnutrition
- Other gastrointestinal (GI) tract carcinoma
- Stomach cancer
- Testicular cancer
Physiologic causes
- Benign gynecomastia of adolescence
- Drugs
- Familial gynecomastia
- Gynecomastia in the newborn
- Gynecomastia of aging