Lung cancer epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kim-Son H. Nguyen, M.D., M.P.A., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Rim Halaby, M.D. [3]; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Michael Maddaleni, B.S.
Overview
Lung cancer is the most deadliest cancer and the second most common cancer among both genders. Older individuals > 50 years of age who have a history of smoking are at increased risk. Historically, the incidence of lung cancer is significantly higher among males compared to females. This increased ratio is thought to be attributed to the increased rates of smoking among men. However, more women are being diagnosed with lung cancer due to the increased rate of smoking among women. In 2014, the incidence of lung cancer in the United States for 2014 was approximately 70 cases per 100,000.[1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- In 2014 the incidence of lung cancer was approximately 70 cases per 100,000.[1]
- The incidence of lung cancer is thought to be increasing, where in 2011, the incidence was approximately 55-60 per 100,000.[2]
- It is unclear whether the increased incidence of lung cancer is due to increased cancers or improved cancer detection (e.g. screening techniques)
Prevalence
- In the United States, the age-adjusted prevalence of cancer of the lungs and bronchus is estimated to be 100 per 100,000.[2]
- The prevalence of lung cancer significantly increases among smokers and individuals with chronic exposure to risk factors for lung cancer.
Age
- While the overall age adjusted incidence of cancer of the lungs and bronchus in the United States between 2007 and 2011 is 60 per 100,000, the age-adjusted incidence of lung cancer by age category is:[2]
- Under 65 years: 18.1 per 100,000
- 65 and over: 349.9 per 100,000
Gender
- Males are thought to be more predisposed to the development of lung cancer. This gender discrepancy is often attributed to the historically increased rate of smoking among males compared to females.
- The male to female ratio for the incidence of lung cancer is approximately 1.4 to 1.[2]
Race
- In the United States, the age-adjusted prevalence of cancer of the lungs and bronchus by race in 2011 is:[2]
- Black: 70-95 per 100,000
- White: 50-70 per 100,000
- Asian/Pacific islander: 40-50 per 100,000
- Hispanic: 30-40 per 100,000
Shown below is an image depicting the incidence of cancer of the lungs and bronchus by race in the United States between 1975 and 2011.[2]
Developing Countries
- The incidence of lung cancer is lower in developing countries than in developed countries. It is unknown whether this decreased incidence is due to decreased cancer rates or decreased detection rates.[3]
- Eastern Europe has the highest lung cancer mortality among men
Developed Countries
- Western Europe and the U.S. have the highest incidence of lung cancer and the highest mortality among women.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Siegel, Rebecca; Ma, Jiemin; Zou, Zhaohui; Jemal, Ahmedin (2014). "Cancer statistics, 2014". CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 64 (1): 9–29. doi:10.3322/caac.21208. ISSN 0007-9235.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.
- ↑ "Gender in lung cancer and smoking research" (PDF). World Health Organization. 2004. Retrieved 2007-05-26.