Albendazole: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 23:18, 6 January 2014

Albendazole
ALBENZA^® FDA Package Insert
Description
Clinical Pharmacology
Microbiology
Indications and Usage
Contraindications
Warnings and Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Overdosage
Dosage and Administration
How Supplied
Labels and Packages

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Albendazole, marketed as Albenza, Eskazole or Zentel, is a member of the benzimidazole compounds used as a drug indicated for the treatment of a variety of worm infestations. Although this use is widespread in the United States, the FDA has not approved albendazole for this indication.

US Brand Names

ALBENZA^®

FDA Package Insert

Mechanism of Action

Vermicidal: Albendazole (C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₂S) causes degenerative alterations in the tegument and intestinal cells of the worm by binding to the colchicine-sensitive site of tubulin, thus inhibiting its polymerization or assembly into microtubules. The loss of the cytoplasmic microtubules leads to impaired uptake of glucose by the larval and adult stages of the susceptible parasites, and depletes their glycogen stores. Degenerative changes in the endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondria of the germinal layer, and the subsequent release of lysosomes result in decreased production ofadenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy required for the survival of the helminth. Due to diminished energy production, the parasite is immobilized and eventually dies.

Albendazole also has been shown to inhibit the enzyme fumarate reductase, which is helminth-specific. This action may be considered secondary to the effect on the microtubules due to the decreased absorption of glucose. This action occurs in the presence of reduced amounts of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide in reduced form (NADH), which is acoenzyme involved in many cellular oxidation-reduction reactions.

Albendazole has larvicidal effects in necatoriasis and ovicidal effects in ascariasis, ancylostomiasis, and trichuriasis.

Uses

It is effective against

References

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{drugbox
+__NOTOC__
-| IUPAC_name = methyl [(5-propylsulfanyl-3H- benzoimidazol-2-yl) amino]formate
+{{Albendazole}}
-| image = Albendazole.svg
+{{CMG}}
-| CAS_number = 54965-21-8
-| ATC_prefix = P02
-| ATC_suffix = CA03
-| ATC_supplemental =
-| PubChem = 2082
-| DrugBank = APRD00782
-| C=12 | H=15 | N=3 | O=2 | S=1
-| molecular_weight = 265.333 g/mol
-| bioavailability =
-| protein_bound =
-| metabolism = oxidation of sulphur atom to sulphoxide, the active metabolite
-| elimination_half-life =
-| pregnancy_category = D
-| legal_status = on the counter (OTC)
-| routes_of_administration = only oral route
-}}
-'''Albendazole''', marketed as Albenza, Eskazole or Zentel, is a member of the [[benzimidazole]] compounds used as a [[medication|drug]] indicated for the [[Pharmacotherapy|treatment]] of a variety of [[worm]] infestations. Although this use is widespread in the United States, the [[FDA]] has not approved albendazole for this indication. <br>
-==Uses==
+==Overview==
-It is effective against
+'''Albendazole''', marketed as Albenza, Eskazole or Zentel, is a member of the [[benzimidazole]] compounds used as a [[medication|drug]] indicated for the [[Pharmacotherapy|treatment]] of a variety of [[worm]] infestations. Although this use is widespread in the United States, the [[FDA]] has not approved albendazole for this indication.
-* [[threadworm]]s or [[pinworm]]s
-* [[roundworm]]s,
+==Category==
-* [[whipworm]]s
-* [[tapeworm]]s
+Antiparasitic
-* [[hookworm]]s
+==US Brand Names==
-==Mode of action==
+ALBENZA<sup>®</sup>
-Vermicidal: Albendazole ([[Carbon|C]]<sub>12</sub>[[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>15</sub>[[Nitrogen|N]]<sub>3</sub>[[Oxygen|O]]<sub>2</sub>[[Sulphur|S]]) causes degenerative alterations in the [[tegument]] and intestinal cells of the worm by binding to the [[colchicine]]-sensitive site of [[tubulin]], thus inhibiting its polymerization or assembly into microtubules. The loss of the cytoplasmic microtubules leads to impaired uptake of glucose by the larval and adult stages of the susceptible parasites, and depletes their [[glycogen]] stores. Degenerative changes in the [[endoplasmic reticulum]], the [[mitochondria]] of the germinal layer, and the subsequent release of [[lysosome]]s result in decreased production of [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP), which is the energy required for the survival of the [[helminth]]. Due to diminished energy production, the parasite is immobilized and eventually dies.
-Albendazole also has been shown to inhibit the enzyme [[fumarate reductase]], which is helminth-specific. This action may be considered secondary to the effect on the microtubules due to the decreased absorption of glucose. This action occurs in the presence of reduced amounts of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide in reduced form (NADH), which is a [[coenzyme]] involved in many cellular oxidation-reduction reactions.
+==FDA Package Insert==
-Albendazole has larvicidal effects in [[necatoriasis]] and ovicidal effects in [[ascariasis]], [[ancylostomiasis]], and [[trichuriasis]].
+'''  [[Albendazole description|Description]]'''
+'''| [[Albendazole clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
+'''| [[Albendazole microbiology|Microbiology]]'''
+'''| [[Albendazole indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
+'''| [[Albendazole contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
+'''| [[Albendazole warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]'''
+'''| [[Albendazole adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
+'''| [[Albendazole drug interactions|Drug Interactions]]'''
+'''| [[Albendazole overdosage|Overdosage]]'''
+'''| [[Albendazole clinical studies|Clinical Studies]]'''
+'''| [[Albendazole dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
+'''| [[Albendazole how supplied|How Supplied]]'''
+'''| [[Albendazole labels and packages|Labels and Packages]]'''
-===Pregnancy class===
+==Mechanism of Action==
-D (Australia) - Do not take when pregnant, and do not become pregnant for one month after taking this drug.
-==See also==
+Vermicidal: Albendazole ([[Carbon|C]]<sub>12</sub>[[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>15</sub>[[Nitrogen|N]]<sub>3</sub>[[Oxygen|O]]<sub>2</sub>[[Sulphur|S]]) causes degenerative alterations in the tegument and intestinal cells of the worm by binding to the [[colchicine]]-sensitive site of [[tubulin]], thus inhibiting its polymerization or assembly into microtubules. The loss of the cytoplasmic microtubules leads to impaired uptake of glucose by the larval and adult stages of the susceptible parasites, and depletes their [[glycogen]] stores. Degenerative changes in the [[endoplasmic reticulum]], the [[mitochondria]] of the germinal layer, and the subsequent release of [[lysosome]]s result in decreased production of[[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP), which is the energy required for the survival of the [[helminth]]. Due to diminished energy production, the parasite is immobilized and eventually dies.
-* [[Mebendazole]]
+Albendazole also has been shown to inhibit the enzyme [[fumarate reductase]], which is helminth-specific. This action may be considered secondary to the effect on the microtubules due to the decreased absorption of glucose. This action occurs in the presence of reduced amounts of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide in reduced form (NADH), which is a[[coenzyme]] involved in many cellular oxidation-reduction reactions.
-{{Anthelmintics}}
+Albendazole has larvicidal effects in [[necatoriasis]] and ovicidal effects in [[ascariasis]], [[ancylostomiasis]], and [[trichuriasis]].
-[[Category:Anthelmintics]]
+==Uses==
-[[Category:Benzimidazoles]]
+It is effective against
+* [[threadworm]]s or [[pinworm]]s
+* [[roundworm]]s,
+* [[whipworm]]s
+* [[tapeworm]]s
+* [[hookworm]]s
-{{heterocyclic-stub}}
+==References==
-{{Pharma-stub}}
+{{Reflist|2}}
-[[de:Albendazol]]
+[[Category:Antibiotics]]
-[[pl:Albendazol]]
+[[Category:Wikinfect]]
-[[pt:Albendazol]]
-[[tr:Albendazol]]