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The following infectious diseases should be considered in someone with recurrent episodes of a febrile illness:
The following infectious diseases should be considered in someone with recurrent episodes of a febrile illness:


Colorado tick fever, Infectious [[mononucleosis]], Ascending (intermittent) [[cholangitis]], [[Yellow fever]], [[Viral  hemorrhagic fever|African hemorrhagic fever]]s, Lymphocytic choriomengitis, [[Dengue fever]], [[Leptospirosis]], Infections with [[echovirus 9]], [[Malaria]], Chronic [[meningococcemia]], Infections with [[Bartonella]] species, [[Brucellosis]], [[Rat bite fever]].<ref>http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/RelapsingFever/RF_Symptoms.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/RelapsingFever/RF_LabAnalysis.htm
*Colorado tick fever
*Infectious [[mononucleosis]]
*Ascending (intermittent)  
*[[cholangitis]]
*[[Yellow fever]]
* [[Viral  hemorrhagic fever|African hemorrhagic fever]]s
* Lymphocytic choriomengitis
*[[Dengue fever]]
*[[Leptospirosis]]
*Infections with [[echovirus 9]]
* [[Malaria]]
*Chronic [[meningococcemia]]
*Infections with [[Bartonella]] species
*[[Brucellosis]]
* [[Rat bite fever]].<ref>http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/RelapsingFever/RF_Symptoms.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/RelapsingFever/RF_LabAnalysis.htm
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Revision as of 23:40, 9 August 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Differentiating Relapsing fever from other Diseases

The following infectious diseases should be considered in someone with recurrent episodes of a febrile illness:

*Yellow fever
Disease Organism Vector Symptoms
Bacterial Infection
Borreliosis (Lyme Disease) [2] Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex and B. mayonii I. scapularis, I. pacificus, I. ricinus, and I. persulcatus Erythema migrans, flu-like illness(fatigue, fever), Lyme arthritis, neuroborreliosis, and carditis.
Relapsing Fever [3] Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF): Borrelia duttoni, Borrelia hermsii, and Borrelia parkerii Ornithodoros species Consistently documented high fevers, flu-like illness, headaches, muscular soreness or joint pain, altered mental status, painful urination, rash, and rigors.
Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) : Borrelia recurrentis Pediculus humanus
Typhus (Rickettsia)
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Rickettsia rickettsii Dermacentor variabilis, Dermacentor andersoni Fever, altered mental status, myalgia, rash, and headaches.
Helvetica Spotted Fever [4] Rickettsia helvetica Ixodes ricinus Rash: spotted, red dots. Respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, cough), muscle pain, and headaches.
Ehrlichiosis (Anaplasmosis) [5] Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii Amblyomma americanum, Ixodes scapularis Fever, headache, chills, malaise, muscle pain, nausea, confusion, conjunctivitis, or rash (60% in children and 30% in adults).
Tularemia [6] Francisella tularensis Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis Ulceroglandular, glandular, oculoglandular, oroglandular, pneumonic, typhoidal.
Viral Infection
Tick-borne meningoencephalitis [7] TBEV virus Ixodes scapularis, I. ricinus, I. persulcatus Early Phase: Non-specific symptoms including fever, malaise, anorexia, muscle pains, headaches, nausea, and vomiting. Second Phase: Meningitis symptoms, headache, stiff neck, encephalitis, drowsiness, sensory disturbances, and potential paralysis.
Colorado Tick Fever [8] CTF virus Dermacentor andersoni Common symptoms include fever, chills, headache, body aches, and lethargy. Other symptoms associated with the disease include sore throat, abdominal pain, vomiting, and a skin rash. A biphasic fever is a hallmark of Colorado Tick Fever and presents in nearly 50% of infected patients.
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever CCHF virus Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus bursa Initially infected patients will likely feel a few of the following symptoms: headache, high fever, back and joint pain, stomach pain, vomiting, flushed face, red throat petechiae of the palate, and potentially changes in mood as well as sensory perception.
Protozoan Infection
Babesiosis [9] Babesia microti, Babesia divergens, Babesia equi Ixodes scapularis, I. pacificus Non-specific flu-like symptoms.

References

  1. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/RelapsingFever/RF_Symptoms.htmhttp://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/RelapsingFever/RF_LabAnalysis.htm
  2. Lyme Disease Information for HealthCare Professionals. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/healthcare/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
  3. Relapsing Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/relapsing-fever/ Accessed on December 30, 2015
  4. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/rmsf/ Accessed on December 30, 2015
  5. Disease index General Information (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/health_professionals/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
  6. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). \http://www.cdc.gov/tularemia/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
  7. General Disease Information (TBE). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/tbe/ Accessed on December 30, 2015
  8. General Tick Deisease Information. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/coloradotickfever/index.html Accessed on December 30, 2015
  9. Babesiosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/babesiosis/disease.htmlAccessed December 8, 2015.