Scrotal mass overview: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
*Scrotal mass may be classified into two subtypes: testicular and extratesticular. | *[[Scrotal examination|Scrotal]] mass may be classified into two subtypes: testicular and extratesticular. | ||
*Scrotal masses may be differentiated according to clinical features, laboratory findings, imaging features, histological features, and genetic studies from other diseases that cause testicular mass with discomfort, [[back pain]], [[abdominal discomfort]], or [[abdominal mass]]. | *[[Scrotal swelling|Scrotal]] masses may be differentiated according to clinical features, laboratory findings, imaging features, [[histological]] features, and genetic studies from other diseases that cause testicular mass with discomfort, [[back pain]], [[abdominal discomfort]], or [[abdominal mass]]. | ||
* If there is an acutely painful scrotum,there should be a strong suspicion for testicular torsion, which is an emergency condition, and emergent surgical referral should be strongly considered. | * If there is an acutely painful scrotum,there should be a strong suspicion for [[Testicular torsion (patient information)|testicular torsion]], which is an emergency condition, and emergent surgical referral should be strongly considered. | ||
* Sonography may be performed if testicular torsion is not suspected to confirm the diagnosis. | *[[Sonography]] may be performed if [[Testicular torsion (patient information)|testicular torsion]] is not suspected to confirm the diagnosis. | ||
* According to the [[TNM classification]] and stage groupings, there are 3 stages of testicular cancer based on the size and extent of the primary tumor, number and location of any regional [[lymph nodes]] (abdominal [[retroperitoneal]]) infiltrated by tumor cells, distant metastasis, and [[Tumor marker|serum tumor marker]] levels. | * According to the [[TNM classification]] and stage groupings, there are 3 stages of testicular cancer based on the size and extent of the primary tumor, number and location of any regional [[lymph nodes]] (abdominal [[retroperitoneal]]) infiltrated by tumor cells, distant metastasis, and [[Tumor marker|serum tumor marker]] levels. | ||
*Symptoms related with scrotal mass will vary, depending on the cause of the mass, which include [[scrotum|enlarged scrotum]], [[testicle|painless or painful testicle lump]], and [[scrotum|feeling of heaviness in the scrotum]]. | *Symptoms related with scrotal mass will vary, depending on the cause of the mass, which include [[scrotum|enlarged scrotum]], [[testicle|painless or painful testicle lump]], and [[scrotum|feeling of heaviness in the scrotum]]. | ||
* Common physical examination findings of scrotal mass include a tender mass which is having a smooth, twisted, or irregular shape and liquid, firm, or solid in consistency. | * Common physical examination findings of [[Scrotal Swelling|scrotal]] mass include a tender mass which is having a smooth, twisted, or irregular shape and liquid, firm, or solid in consistency. | ||
* The ipsilateral [[inguinal lymph nodes]] may be enlarged or tender. | * The ipsilateral [[inguinal lymph nodes]] may be enlarged or tender. | ||
*The laboratory findings related with scrotal mass may vary, depending on the cause of the mass. | *The laboratory findings related with [[Scrotal cyst|scrotal]] mass may vary, depending on the cause of the mass. | ||
* Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of testicular tumors, may include elevated serum tumor markers such as [[AFP]], [[LDH]], or [[HCG]]. Imaging studies for scrotal mass include [[ultrasound|scrotal ultrasound]], [[MRI]], and [[X ray|chest x-ray]]. | * Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of testicular tumors, may include elevated serum tumor markers such as [[AFP]], [[LDH]], or [[HCG]]. Imaging studies for [[Scrotal Swelling|scrotal]] mass include [[ultrasound|scrotal ultrasound]], [[MRI]], and [[X ray|chest x-ray]]. | ||
*[[Biopsy]] should be performed in patients with scrotal skin lesions to rule out skin cancer. | *[[Biopsy]] should be performed in patients with [[Scrotal Swelling|scrotal]] skin lesions to rule out skin cancer. | ||
Revision as of 16:03, 18 October 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny, MD[2]Sujit Routray, M.D. [3]
Overview
- Scrotal mass may be classified into two subtypes: testicular and extratesticular.
- Scrotal masses may be differentiated according to clinical features, laboratory findings, imaging features, histological features, and genetic studies from other diseases that cause testicular mass with discomfort, back pain, abdominal discomfort, or abdominal mass.
- If there is an acutely painful scrotum,there should be a strong suspicion for testicular torsion, which is an emergency condition, and emergent surgical referral should be strongly considered.
- Sonography may be performed if testicular torsion is not suspected to confirm the diagnosis.
- According to the TNM classification and stage groupings, there are 3 stages of testicular cancer based on the size and extent of the primary tumor, number and location of any regional lymph nodes (abdominal retroperitoneal) infiltrated by tumor cells, distant metastasis, and serum tumor marker levels.
- Symptoms related with scrotal mass will vary, depending on the cause of the mass, which include enlarged scrotum, painless or painful testicle lump, and feeling of heaviness in the scrotum.
- Common physical examination findings of scrotal mass include a tender mass which is having a smooth, twisted, or irregular shape and liquid, firm, or solid in consistency.
- The ipsilateral inguinal lymph nodes may be enlarged or tender.
- The laboratory findings related with scrotal mass may vary, depending on the cause of the mass.
- Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of testicular tumors, may include elevated serum tumor markers such as AFP, LDH, or HCG. Imaging studies for scrotal mass include scrotal ultrasound, MRI, and chest x-ray.
- Biopsy should be performed in patients with scrotal skin lesions to rule out skin cancer.