Scrotal mass natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Niloofarsadaat Eshaghhosseiny, MD[2]
Overview
If left untreated, patients with testicular tortion may progress to develop ischemia,atrophy, and infertility.[1] Common complications of testicular tortion include ischemia, atrophy, and infertility.[1] Prognosis in early stage of testicular cancer without metastases is very good, and the 10-year survival rate of patients with metastatic testicular cancer is approximately 66-94%.[2]
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
- The symptoms of testicular tortion usually develop in the second decade of life, and start with symptoms such as sudden onset of testicular pain and swelling.[3]
- If left untreated, most of patients with testicular tortion may progress to develop ischemia and testicular atrophy.[4]
Complications
- Common complications of testicular tortion include:
- ischemia
- atrophy
- infertility
Prognosis
- Prognosis of early stage of testicular tumor without metastasis is good.[2]
- Depending on the extent of the testicular cancer at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. 10-year survival rate of patients with metastatic testicular cancer is approximately 66-94%.[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Visser AJ, Heyns CF (2003). "Testicular function after torsion of the spermatic cord". BJU Int. 92 (3): 200–3. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2003.04307.x. PMID 12887467.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Shaw J (2008). "Diagnosis and treatment of testicular cancer". Am Fam Physician. 77 (4): 469–74. PMID 18326165.
- ↑ Tiemstra JD, Kapoor S (2008). "Evaluation of scrotal masses". Am Fam Physician. 78 (10): 1165–70. PMID 19035065.
- ↑ Jacobsen FM, Rudlang TM, Fode M, Østergren PB, Sønksen J, Ohl DA; et al. (2019). "The Impact of Testicular Torsion on Testicular Function". World J Mens Health. doi:10.5534/wjmh.190037. PMID 31081295.