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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Currently, there is not a specific test to confirm the diagnosis of Behçet's disease. It is diagnosed clinically by specific patterns of symptoms and repeated outbreaks obtained by a thorough history of the patient's symptoms (outlined below). Behçet's disease is a diagnosis of exclusion, and other chronic inflammatory diseases should be evaluated for. The various inflammatory symptoms do not necessarily occur together, and they will vary in severity.
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| ==Diagnostic Criteria== | | ==Diagnostic Criteria== |
| There are three levels of certainty for diagnosis:
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| #International Study Group diagnostic guidelines (very strict for research purposes) | |
| #Practical clinical diagnosis (generally agreed pattern but not as strict)
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| #'Suspected' or 'Possible' diagnosis (incomplete pattern of symptoms)
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| ===International Study Group diagnostic guidelines===
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| Must have
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| *oral ([[aphthous]]) ulcers (any shape, size or number at least 3 times in any 12 months),
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| along with 2 out of the next 4 "hallmark" symptoms:
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| *genital ulcers (including [[anal]] ulcers and spots in the genital region and swollen [[testicle]]s or [[epididymitis]] in men),
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| *[[skin]] [[lesion]]s (papulo-pustules, [[folliculitis]], [[erythema nodosum]], [[acne]] in post-adolescents not on corticosteroids),
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| *[[eye]] inflammation (iritis, uveitis, retinal vasculitis, cells in the vitreous),
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| *pathergy reaction (papule >2 mm dia. 24-48 hrs or more after needle-prick).
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| ===Practical clinical diagnosis===
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| Must have
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| *[[mouth]] ulcers,
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| along with 1 of the 4 hallmark symptoms above and with 2 of the symptoms below:
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| *[[arthritis]]/[[arthralgia]],
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| *[[nervous system]] symptoms,
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| *[[stomach]] and/or [[bowel]] inflammation,
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| *deep [[vein]] [[thrombosis]],
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| *superficial thrombophlebitis,
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| *cardio-vascular problems of inflammatory origin,
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| *inflammatory problems in [[chest]] and [[lungs]],
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| *problems with hearing and/or balance,
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| *extreme exhaustion,
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| *changes of [[wikt:personality|personality]], [[psychoses]],
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| *any other members of the family with a diagnosis of Behcet disease.
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| ==='Suspected' or 'Possible' diagnosis===
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| Usually assigned when someone does not have mouth ulcers, or has mouth ulcers but does not have 1 of the 4 hallmark symptoms but has other symptoms and signs of inflammation, and other causes for these have been ruled out.
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| ==References== | | ==References== |