Hypophosphatemia causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 21:54, 3 February 2015

Hypophosphatemia Microchapters

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Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Hypophosphatemia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

  • Refeeding syndrome This causes a demand for phosphate in cells due to the action of phosphofructokinase, an enzyme which attaches phosphate to glucose to begin metabolism of this. Also, production of ATP when cells are fed and recharge their energy supplies, requires phosphate.
  • Respiratory alkalosis Any alkalemic condition moves phosphate out of the blood into cells. This includes most common respiratory alkalemia (a higher than normal blood pH from low carbon dioxide levels in the blood), which in turn is caused by any hyperventilation (such as sepsis, fever, pain, anxiety, drug withdrawal).
  • Alcohol abuse Alcohol impairs phosphate absorption, and alcoholics are also after malnurished with regard to minerals. In addition, alcohol treatment is associated with refeeding, and the stress of alcohol withdrawal may create respiratory alkalosis, which exacerbates hypophosphatemia (see above).
  • Malabsorption This includes GI damage, and also failure to absorb phosphate due to lack of vitamin D, or chronic use of phosphate binders such as sucralfate, aluminum-containing antacids, and (more rarely) calcium-containing antacids.
  • Hyperexcretion of phosphate in the urine (phosphaturia). This includes excess excretion from renal dysfunction, and also the action of many classes of diuretics. Additionally, both primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism causes hyperexcretion of phosphate in the urine.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Cabozantinib, Cefepime, Nilotinib, Sorafenib
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order. You may need to list across the page, as seen here


Other rarer causes include

References

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