HLA-DMB: Difference between revisions

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<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''HLA-DMB'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid1922365">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kelly AP, Monaco JJ, Cho SG, Trowsdale J | title = A new human HLA class II-related locus, DM | journal = Nature | volume = 353 | issue = 6344 | pages = 571–3 |date=Nov 1991 | pmid = 1922365 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1038/353571a0 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HLA-DMB major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM beta| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3109| accessdate = }}</ref>
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
| update_citations = yes
}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_HLA-DMB_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1hdm.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1hdm}}, {{PDB2|2bc4}}
| Name = Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM beta
| HGNCid = 4935
| Symbol = HLA-DMB
| AltSymbols =; D6S221E; RING7
| OMIM = 142856
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 68231
| MGIid = 95922
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_HLA-DMB_203932_at_tn.png
| Function =  
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042613 |text = MHC class II protein complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002504 |text = antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 3109
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000206294
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002109
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002118
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = c6_QBL
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 32973998
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 32980399
    | Hs_Uniprot = P28068
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 14999
    | Mm_Ensembl = 
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010387
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034517
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 
    | Mm_Uniprot = 
  }}
}}
'''Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM beta''', also known as '''HLA-DMB''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HLA-DMB major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM beta| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3109| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
HLA-DMB belongs to the HLA class II beta chain [[paralogues]]. This class II molecule is a [[heterodimer]] consisting of an alpha (DMA) and a beta (DMB) chain, both anchored in the [[Biological membrane|membrane]]. It is located in intracellular [[Vesicle (biology)|vesicles]]. DM plays a central role in the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by helping to release the CLIP (class II-associated invariant chain peptide) molecule from the [[peptide]] [[binding site]]. Class II molecules are expressed in [[antigen]] presenting cells (APC: B [[lymphocyte]]s, [[dendritic cell]]s, [[macrophage]]s). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 [[Atomic mass unit|kDa]] and its gene contains 6 [[exon]]s. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail.<ref name="entrez"/>
{{PBB_Summary
 
| section_title =
== Clinical significance ==
| summary_text = HLA-DMB belongs to the HLA class II beta chain [[paralogues]]. This class II molecule is a [[heterodimer]] consisting of an alpha (DMA) and a beta (DMB) chain, both anchored in the [[membrane]]. It is located in intracellular [[vesicle]]s. DM plays a central role in the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by helping to release the CLIP (class II-associated invariant chain peptide) molecule from the [[peptide]] [[binding site]]. Class II molecules are expressed in [[antigen]] presenting cells (APC: B [[lymphocyte]]s, [[dendritic cell]]s, [[macrophage]]s). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 [[Atomic mass unit|kDa]] and its gene contains 6 [[exon]]s. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HLA-DMB major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM beta| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3109| accessdate = }}</ref>
 
}}
HLA-DMB is upregulated in tumor tissue of Caucasian but not African patients. Its role in tumor immunology is undefined but has been shown to positively correlated with increased T-cell infiltration and improved prognosis in ovarian cancer. Differential immune processes mediated by HLA-DMB may contribute to the disparity in cancer outcome.<ref name="pmid23754304">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kinseth MA, Jia Z, Rahmatpanah F, Sawyers A, Sutton M, Wang-Rodriguez J, Mercola D, McGuire KL | title = Expression differences between African American and Caucasian prostate cancer tissue reveals that stroma is the site of aggressive changes. | journal = International Journal of Cancer| volume = 134 | issue = 1 | pages = 81–91 |date=Jan 2014 | pmid = 23754304 | pmc = 3800217| doi = 10.1002/ijc.28326 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Vogt AB, Kropshofer H |title=HLA-DM - an endosomal and lysosomal chaperone for the immune system. |journal=Trends Biochem. Sci. |volume=24 |issue= 4 |pages= 150–4 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10322421 |doi=10.1016/S0968-0004(99)01364-X }}
| citations =
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Kropshofer H, Hämmerling GJ, Vogt AB |title=The impact of the non-classical MHC proteins HLA-DM and HLA-DO on loading of MHC class II molecules. |journal=Immunol. Rev. |volume=172 |issue=  |pages= 267–78 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10631952 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-065X.1999.tb01371.x }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Vogt AB, Kropshofer H |title=HLA-DM - an endosomal and lysosomal chaperone for the immune system. |journal=Trends Biochem. Sci. |volume=24 |issue= 4 |pages= 150-4 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10322421 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Piatier-Tonneau D, Gastinel LN, Amblard F, etal |title=Interaction of CD4 with HLA class II antigens and HIV gp120. |journal=Immunogenetics |volume=34 |issue= 2 |pages= 121–8 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1869305 |doi=10.1007/BF00211424 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kropshofer H, Hämmerling GJ, Vogt AB |title=The impact of the non-classical MHC proteins HLA-DM and HLA-DO on loading of MHC class II molecules. |journal=Immunol. Rev. |volume=172 |issue=  |pages= 267-78 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10631952 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Rosenstein Y, Burakoff SJ, Herrmann SH |title=HIV-gp120 can block CD4-class II MHC-mediated adhesion. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=144 |issue= 2 |pages= 526–31 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1967269 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Piatier-Tonneau D, Gastinel LN, Amblard F, ''et al.'' |title=Interaction of CD4 with HLA class II antigens and HIV gp120. |journal=Immunogenetics |volume=34 |issue= 2 |pages= 121-8 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1869305 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Bowman MR, MacFerrin KD, Schreiber SL, Burakoff SJ |title=Identification and structural analysis of residues in the V1 region of CD4 involved in interaction with human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=87 |issue= 22 |pages= 9052–6 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1978941 |doi=10.1073/pnas.87.22.9052  | pmc=55099  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Kelly AP, Monaco JJ, Cho SG, Trowsdale J |title=A new human HLA class II-related locus, DM. |journal=Nature |volume=353 |issue= 6344 |pages= 571-3 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1922365 |doi= 10.1038/353571a0 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Clayton LK, Sieh M, Pious DA, Reinherz EL |title=Identification of human CD4 residues affecting class II MHC versus HIV-1 gp120 binding. |journal=Nature |volume=339 |issue= 6225 |pages= 548–51 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2543930 |doi= 10.1038/339548a0 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Rosenstein Y, Burakoff SJ, Herrmann SH |title=HIV-gp120 can block CD4-class II MHC-mediated adhesion. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=144 |issue= 2 |pages= 526-31 |year= 1990 |pmid= 1967269 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Diamond DC, Sleckman BP, Gregory T, etal |title=Inhibition of CD4+ T cell function by the HIV envelope protein, gp120. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=141 |issue= 11 |pages= 3715–7 |year= 1988 |pmid= 2846691 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Bowman MR, MacFerrin KD, Schreiber SL, Burakoff SJ |title=Identification and structural analysis of residues in the V1 region of CD4 involved in interaction with human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=87 |issue= 22 |pages= 9052-6 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1978941 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Andrieu JM, Even P, Venet A |title=AIDS and related syndromes as a viral-induced autoimmune disease of the immune system: an anti-MHC II disorder. Therapeutic implications. |journal=AIDS research |volume=2 |issue= 3 |pages= 163–74 |year= 1986 |pmid= 3489470 |doi=  10.1089/aid.1.1986.2.163}}
*{{cite journal | author=Clayton LK, Sieh M, Pious DA, Reinherz EL |title=Identification of human CD4 residues affecting class II MHC versus HIV-1 gp120 binding. |journal=Nature |volume=339 |issue= 6225 |pages= 548-51 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2543930 |doi= 10.1038/339548a0 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Houlgatte R, Scarmato P, el Marhomy S, etal |title=HLA class II antigens and the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 bind to the same face of CD4. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=152 |issue= 9 |pages= 4475–88 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7512597 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Diamond DC, Sleckman BP, Gregory T, ''et al.'' |title=Inhibition of CD4+ T cell function by the HIV envelope protein, gp120. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=141 |issue= 11 |pages= 3715-7 |year= 1988 |pmid= 2846691 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Shaman J, von Scheven E, Morris P, etal |title=Analysis of HLA-DMB mutants and -DMB genomic structure. |journal=Immunogenetics |volume=41 |issue= 2–3 |pages= 117–24 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7528727 |doi=10.1007/BF00182322 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Andrieu JM, Even P, Venet A |title=AIDS and related syndromes as a viral-induced autoimmune disease of the immune system: an anti-MHC II disorder. Therapeutic implications. |journal=AIDS research |volume=2 |issue= 3 |pages= 163-74 |year= 1986 |pmid= 3489470 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Chirmule N, McCloskey TW, Hu R, etal |title=HIV gp120 inhibits T cell activation by interfering with expression of costimulatory molecules CD40 ligand and CD80 (B71) |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=155 |issue= 2 |pages= 917–24 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7541827 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Houlgatte R, Scarmato P, el Marhomy S, ''et al.'' |title=HLA class II antigens and the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 bind to the same face of CD4. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=152 |issue= 9 |pages= 4475-88 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7512597 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Rowell JF, Stanhope PE, Siliciano RF |title=Endocytosis of endogenously synthesized HIV-1 envelope protein. Mechanism and role in processing for association with class II MHC |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=155 |issue= 1 |pages= 473–88 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7602119 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Shaman J, von Scheven E, Morris P, ''et al.'' |title=Analysis of HLA-DMB mutants and -DMB genomic structure. |journal=Immunogenetics |volume=41 |issue= 2-3 |pages= 117-24 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7528727 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Sherman MA, Weber DA, Jensen PE |title=DM enhances peptide binding to class II MHC by release of invariant chain-derived peptide |journal=Immunity |volume=3 |issue= 2 |pages= 197–205 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7648393 |doi= 10.1016/1074-7613(95)90089-6 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Chirmule N, McCloskey TW, Hu R, ''et al.'' |title=HIV gp120 inhibits T cell activation by interfering with expression of costimulatory molecules CD40 ligand and CD80 (B71). |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=155 |issue= 2 |pages= 917-24 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7541827 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Radley E, Alderton RP, Kelly A, etal |title=Genomic organization of HLA-DMA and HLA-DMB. Comparison of the gene organization of all six class II families in the human major histocompatibility complex |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 29 |pages= 18834–8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8034636 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Rowell JF, Stanhope PE, Siliciano RF |title=Endocytosis of endogenously synthesized HIV-1 envelope protein. Mechanism and role in processing for association with class II MHC. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=155 |issue= 1 |pages= 473-88 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7602119 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Chen YH, Böck G, Vornhagen R, etal |title=HIV-1 gp41 binding proteins and antibodies to gp41 could inhibit enhancement of human Raji cell MHC class I and II expression by gp41 |journal=Mol. Immunol. |volume=31 |issue= 13 |pages= 977–82 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8084338 |doi=10.1016/0161-5890(94)90092-2 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sherman MA, Weber DA, Jensen PE |title=DM enhances peptide binding to class II MHC by release of invariant chain-derived peptide. |journal=Immunity |volume=3 |issue= 2 |pages= 197-205 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7648393 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Fling SP, Arp B, Pious D |title=HLA-DMA and -DMB genes are both required for MHC class II/peptide complex formation in antigen-presenting cells |journal=Nature |volume=368 |issue= 6471 |pages= 554–8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8139690 |doi= 10.1038/368554a0 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Radley E, Alderton RP, Kelly A, ''et al.'' |title=Genomic organization of HLA-DMA and HLA-DMB. Comparison of the gene organization of all six class II families in the human major histocompatibility complex. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 29 |pages= 18834-8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8034636 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Chirmule N, Wang XP, Hu R, etal |title=Envelope glycoproteins of HIV-1 interfere with T-cell-dependent B cell differentiation: role of CD4-MHC class II interaction in the effector phase of T cell help |journal=Cell. Immunol. |volume=155 |issue= 1 |pages= 169–82 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8168144 |doi= 10.1006/cimm.1994.1110 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Chen YH, Böck G, Vornhagen R, ''et al.'' |title=HIV-1 gp41 binding proteins and antibodies to gp41 could inhibit enhancement of human Raji cell MHC class I and II expression by gp41. |journal=Mol. Immunol. |volume=31 |issue= 13 |pages= 977-82 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8084338 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Sanderson F, Powis SH, Kelly AP, Trowsdale J |title=Limited polymorphism in HLA-DM does not involve the peptide binding groove |journal=Immunogenetics |volume=39 |issue= 1 |pages= 56–8 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8225438 |doi= 10.1007/bf00171797}}
*{{cite journal | author=Fling SP, Arp B, Pious D |title=HLA-DMA and -DMB genes are both required for MHC class II/peptide complex formation in antigen-presenting cells. |journal=Nature |volume=368 |issue= 6471 |pages= 554-8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8139690 |doi= 10.1038/368554a0 }}
*{{cite journal   |vauthors=Callahan KM, Rowell JF, Soloski MJ, etal |title=HIV-1 envelope protein is expressed on the surface of infected cells before its processing and presentation to class II-restricted T lymphocytes |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=151 |issue= 6 |pages= 2928–42 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8376762 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Chirmule N, Wang XP, Hu R, ''et al.'' |title=Envelope glycoproteins of HIV-1 interfere with T-cell-dependent B cell differentiation: role of CD4-MHC class II interaction in the effector phase of T cell help. |journal=Cell. Immunol. |volume=155 |issue= 1 |pages= 169-82 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8168144 |doi= 10.1006/cimm.1994.1110 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Sanderson F, Powis SH, Kelly AP, Trowsdale J |title=Limited polymorphism in HLA-DM does not involve the peptide binding groove. |journal=Immunogenetics |volume=39 |issue= 1 |pages= 56-8 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8225438 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Callahan KM, Rowell JF, Soloski MJ, ''et al.'' |title=HIV-1 envelope protein is expressed on the surface of infected cells before its processing and presentation to class II-restricted T lymphocytes. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=151 |issue= 6 |pages= 2928-42 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8376762 |doi=  }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{protein-stub}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=3109}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hla-Dmb}}
[[Category:MHC Class II]]

Latest revision as of 18:15, 15 May 2018

VALUE_ERROR (nil)
Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

n/a

n/a

Ensembl

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n/a

UniProt

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n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DMB gene.[1][2]

Function

HLA-DMB belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DMA) and a beta (DMB) chain, both anchored in the membrane. It is located in intracellular vesicles. DM plays a central role in the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by helping to release the CLIP (class II-associated invariant chain peptide) molecule from the peptide binding site. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa and its gene contains 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail.[2]

Clinical significance

HLA-DMB is upregulated in tumor tissue of Caucasian but not African patients. Its role in tumor immunology is undefined but has been shown to positively correlated with increased T-cell infiltration and improved prognosis in ovarian cancer. Differential immune processes mediated by HLA-DMB may contribute to the disparity in cancer outcome.[3]

References

  1. ↑ Kelly AP, Monaco JJ, Cho SG, Trowsdale J (Nov 1991). "A new human HLA class II-related locus, DM". Nature. 353 (6344): 571–3. doi:10.1038/353571a0. PMID 1922365.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: HLA-DMB major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM beta".
  3. ↑ Kinseth MA, Jia Z, Rahmatpanah F, Sawyers A, Sutton M, Wang-Rodriguez J, Mercola D, McGuire KL (Jan 2014). "Expression differences between African American and Caucasian prostate cancer tissue reveals that stroma is the site of aggressive changes". International Journal of Cancer. 134 (1): 81–91. doi:10.1002/ijc.28326. PMC 3800217. PMID 23754304.

Further reading

  • Vogt AB, Kropshofer H (1999). "HLA-DM - an endosomal and lysosomal chaperone for the immune system". Trends Biochem. Sci. 24 (4): 150–4. doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(99)01364-X. PMID 10322421.
  • Kropshofer H, Hämmerling GJ, Vogt AB (2000). "The impact of the non-classical MHC proteins HLA-DM and HLA-DO on loading of MHC class II molecules". Immunol. Rev. 172: 267–78. doi:10.1111/j.1600-065X.1999.tb01371.x. PMID 10631952.
  • Piatier-Tonneau D, Gastinel LN, Amblard F, et al. (1991). "Interaction of CD4 with HLA class II antigens and HIV gp120". Immunogenetics. 34 (2): 121–8. doi:10.1007/BF00211424. PMID 1869305.
  • Rosenstein Y, Burakoff SJ, Herrmann SH (1990). "HIV-gp120 can block CD4-class II MHC-mediated adhesion". J. Immunol. 144 (2): 526–31. PMID 1967269.
  • Bowman MR, MacFerrin KD, Schreiber SL, Burakoff SJ (1991). "Identification and structural analysis of residues in the V1 region of CD4 involved in interaction with human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein gp120 and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (22): 9052–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.22.9052. PMC 55099. PMID 1978941.
  • Clayton LK, Sieh M, Pious DA, Reinherz EL (1989). "Identification of human CD4 residues affecting class II MHC versus HIV-1 gp120 binding". Nature. 339 (6225): 548–51. doi:10.1038/339548a0. PMID 2543930.
  • Diamond DC, Sleckman BP, Gregory T, et al. (1988). "Inhibition of CD4+ T cell function by the HIV envelope protein, gp120". J. Immunol. 141 (11): 3715–7. PMID 2846691.
  • Andrieu JM, Even P, Venet A (1986). "AIDS and related syndromes as a viral-induced autoimmune disease of the immune system: an anti-MHC II disorder. Therapeutic implications". AIDS research. 2 (3): 163–74. doi:10.1089/aid.1.1986.2.163. PMID 3489470.
  • Houlgatte R, Scarmato P, el Marhomy S, et al. (1994). "HLA class II antigens and the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120 bind to the same face of CD4". J. Immunol. 152 (9): 4475–88. PMID 7512597.
  • Shaman J, von Scheven E, Morris P, et al. (1995). "Analysis of HLA-DMB mutants and -DMB genomic structure". Immunogenetics. 41 (2–3): 117–24. doi:10.1007/BF00182322. PMID 7528727.
  • Chirmule N, McCloskey TW, Hu R, et al. (1995). "HIV gp120 inhibits T cell activation by interfering with expression of costimulatory molecules CD40 ligand and CD80 (B71)". J. Immunol. 155 (2): 917–24. PMID 7541827.
  • Rowell JF, Stanhope PE, Siliciano RF (1995). "Endocytosis of endogenously synthesized HIV-1 envelope protein. Mechanism and role in processing for association with class II MHC". J. Immunol. 155 (1): 473–88. PMID 7602119.
  • Sherman MA, Weber DA, Jensen PE (1995). "DM enhances peptide binding to class II MHC by release of invariant chain-derived peptide". Immunity. 3 (2): 197–205. doi:10.1016/1074-7613(95)90089-6. PMID 7648393.
  • Radley E, Alderton RP, Kelly A, et al. (1994). "Genomic organization of HLA-DMA and HLA-DMB. Comparison of the gene organization of all six class II families in the human major histocompatibility complex". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (29): 18834–8. PMID 8034636.
  • Chen YH, Böck G, Vornhagen R, et al. (1994). "HIV-1 gp41 binding proteins and antibodies to gp41 could inhibit enhancement of human Raji cell MHC class I and II expression by gp41". Mol. Immunol. 31 (13): 977–82. doi:10.1016/0161-5890(94)90092-2. PMID 8084338.
  • Fling SP, Arp B, Pious D (1994). "HLA-DMA and -DMB genes are both required for MHC class II/peptide complex formation in antigen-presenting cells". Nature. 368 (6471): 554–8. doi:10.1038/368554a0. PMID 8139690.
  • Chirmule N, Wang XP, Hu R, et al. (1994). "Envelope glycoproteins of HIV-1 interfere with T-cell-dependent B cell differentiation: role of CD4-MHC class II interaction in the effector phase of T cell help". Cell. Immunol. 155 (1): 169–82. doi:10.1006/cimm.1994.1110. PMID 8168144.
  • Sanderson F, Powis SH, Kelly AP, Trowsdale J (1993). "Limited polymorphism in HLA-DM does not involve the peptide binding groove". Immunogenetics. 39 (1): 56–8. doi:10.1007/bf00171797. PMID 8225438.
  • Callahan KM, Rowell JF, Soloski MJ, et al. (1993). "HIV-1 envelope protein is expressed on the surface of infected cells before its processing and presentation to class II-restricted T lymphocytes". J. Immunol. 151 (6): 2928–42. PMID 8376762.
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