Nausea and vomiting epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
==Epidemiology and demographics==
==Epidemiology and demographics==
*In population studies, at least one episode of nausea was reported in more than 50% of adults, and one episode of vomiting in more than 30% of adults within the preceding 12 months, with nausea seen more in women than men. <ref name="urlMechanisms and Control of Emesis: A Satellite Symposium of the European ... - Google Books">{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vb3G_22QLI0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&ots=p93_bbQgbu&sig=J1lrOOLtvbICmdF_6qNiHaFZLrs#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Mechanisms and Control of Emesis: A Satellite Symposium of the European ... - Google Books |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid26770271">{{cite journal |vauthors=Singh P, Yoon SS, Kuo B |title=Nausea: a review of pathophysiology and therapeutics |journal=Therap Adv Gastroenterol |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=98–112 |date=January 2016 |pmid=26770271 |pmc=4699282 |doi=10.1177/1756283X15618131 |url=}}</ref>
*In [[population studies]], at least one episode of [[nausea]] was reported in more than 50% of adults, and one episode of [[vomiting]] in more than 30% of adults within the preceding 12 months, with nausea seen more in women than men. <ref name="urlMechanisms and Control of Emesis: A Satellite Symposium of the European ... - Google Books">{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vb3G_22QLI0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&ots=p93_bbQgbu&sig=J1lrOOLtvbICmdF_6qNiHaFZLrs#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Mechanisms and Control of Emesis: A Satellite Symposium of the European ... - Google Books |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid26770271">{{cite journal |vauthors=Singh P, Yoon SS, Kuo B |title=Nausea: a review of pathophysiology and therapeutics |journal=Therap Adv Gastroenterol |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=98–112 |date=January 2016 |pmid=26770271 |pmc=4699282 |doi=10.1177/1756283X15618131 |url=}}</ref>
*A significant psychological and economic impact of nausea and vomiting is seen with an estimated economic burden of $4-16 billion on US economy. <ref name="pmid26770271">{{cite journal |vauthors=Singh P, Yoon SS, Kuo B |title=Nausea: a review of pathophysiology and therapeutics |journal=Therap Adv Gastroenterol |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=98–112 |date=January 2016 |pmid=26770271 |pmc=4699282 |doi=10.1177/1756283X15618131 |url=}}</ref>
*A significant [[psychological]] and economic impact of nausea and vomiting is seen with an estimated economic burden of $4-16 billion on US economy. <ref name="pmid26770271">{{cite journal |vauthors=Singh P, Yoon SS, Kuo B |title=Nausea: a review of pathophysiology and therapeutics |journal=Therap Adv Gastroenterol |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=98–112 |date=January 2016 |pmid=26770271 |pmc=4699282 |doi=10.1177/1756283X15618131 |url=}}</ref>
*Only 25% of people with acute symptoms of nausea and vomiting seek medical help. <ref name="pmid17885699">{{cite journal |vauthors=Metz A, Hebbard G |title=Nausea and vomiting in adults--a diagnostic approach |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=36 |issue=9 |pages=688–92 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17885699 |doi= |url=}}</ref>  
*Only 25% of people with acute symptoms of nausea and vomiting seek medical help. <ref name="pmid17885699">{{cite journal |vauthors=Metz A, Hebbard G |title=Nausea and vomiting in adults--a diagnostic approach |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=36 |issue=9 |pages=688–92 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17885699 |doi= |url=}}</ref>  


===Incidence===
===Incidence===
*Incidence of nausea and vomiting varies with the underlying cause.
*[[Incidence]] of nausea and vomiting varies with the underlying cause.
*Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy effects 70% to 80% of all pregnant women. <ref name="pmid21601782">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee NM, Saha S |title=Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy |journal=Gastroenterol Clin North Am |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=309–34, vii |date=June 2011 |pmid=21601782 |pmc=3676933 |doi=10.1016/j.gtc.2011.03.009 |url=}}</ref>
*Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy effects 70% to 80% of all pregnant women. <ref name="pmid21601782">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee NM, Saha S |title=Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy |journal=Gastroenterol Clin North Am |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=309–34, vii |date=June 2011 |pmid=21601782 |pmc=3676933 |doi=10.1016/j.gtc.2011.03.009 |url=}}</ref>
*Approximately 40% of patients experience nausea and 15%-25% patients experience vomiting with opioid use. <ref name="pmid29131554">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mallick-Searle T, Fillman M |title=The pathophysiology, incidence, impact, and treatment of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting |journal=J Am Assoc Nurse Pract |volume=29 |issue=11 |pages=704–710 |date=November 2017 |pmid=29131554 |doi=10.1002/2327-6924.12532 |url=}}</ref>
*Approximately 40% of patients experience nausea and 15%-25% patients experience vomiting with [[opioid]] use. <ref name="pmid29131554">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mallick-Searle T, Fillman M |title=The pathophysiology, incidence, impact, and treatment of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting |journal=J Am Assoc Nurse Pract |volume=29 |issue=11 |pages=704–710 |date=November 2017 |pmid=29131554 |doi=10.1002/2327-6924.12532 |url=}}</ref>
* Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting varies from 8%-92%. <ref name="pmid29131554">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mallick-Searle T, Fillman M |title=The pathophysiology, incidence, impact, and treatment of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting |journal=J Am Assoc Nurse Pract |volume=29 |issue=11 |pages=704–710 |date=November 2017 |pmid=29131554 |doi=10.1002/2327-6924.12532 |url=}}</ref>
* Incidence of [[postoperative]] nausea and vomiting varies from 8%-92%. <ref name="pmid29131554">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mallick-Searle T, Fillman M |title=The pathophysiology, incidence, impact, and treatment of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting |journal=J Am Assoc Nurse Pract |volume=29 |issue=11 |pages=704–710 |date=November 2017 |pmid=29131554 |doi=10.1002/2327-6924.12532 |url=}}</ref>


===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
*In population studies, at least one episode of nausea was reported in more than 50% of adults, and one episode of vomiting in more than 30% of adults within the preceding 12 months, with nausea seen more in women than men. <ref name="urlMechanisms and Control of Emesis: A Satellite Symposium of the European ... - Google Books">{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vb3G_22QLI0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&ots=p93_bbQgbu&sig=J1lrOOLtvbICmdF_6qNiHaFZLrs#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Mechanisms and Control of Emesis: A Satellite Symposium of the European ... - Google Books |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*In population studies, at least one episode of nausea was reported in more than 50% of adults, and one episode of vomiting in more than 30% of adults within the preceding 12 months, with nausea seen more in women than men. <ref name="urlMechanisms and Control of Emesis: A Satellite Symposium of the European ... - Google Books">{{cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=vb3G_22QLI0C&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&ots=p93_bbQgbu&sig=J1lrOOLtvbICmdF_6qNiHaFZLrs#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Mechanisms and Control of Emesis: A Satellite Symposium of the European ... - Google Books |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*Only 25% of people with acute symptoms of nausea and vomiting seek medical help. <ref name="pmid17885699">{{cite journal |vauthors=Metz A, Hebbard G |title=Nausea and vomiting in adults--a diagnostic approach |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=36 |issue=9 |pages=688–92 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17885699 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Only 25% of people with acute symptoms of nausea and vomiting seek medical help. <ref name="pmid17885699">{{cite journal |vauthors=Metz A, Hebbard G |title=Nausea and vomiting in adults--a diagnostic approach |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=36 |issue=9 |pages=688–92 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17885699 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* The exact prevalence of idiopathic nausea and vomiting is not known. <ref name="pmid26770271">{{cite journal |vauthors=Singh P, Yoon SS, Kuo B |title=Nausea: a review of pathophysiology and therapeutics |journal=Therap Adv Gastroenterol |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=98–112 |date=January 2016 |pmid=26770271 |pmc=4699282 |doi=10.1177/1756283X15618131 |url=}}</ref>
* The exact [[prevalence]] of [[idiopathic]] [[nausea]] and [[vomiting]] is not known. <ref name="pmid26770271">{{cite journal |vauthors=Singh P, Yoon SS, Kuo B |title=Nausea: a review of pathophysiology and therapeutics |journal=Therap Adv Gastroenterol |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=98–112 |date=January 2016 |pmid=26770271 |pmc=4699282 |doi=10.1177/1756283X15618131 |url=}}</ref>


===Age===
===Age===
* In a study of patients with nausea and vomiting in Australia between April 2000 and March 2006 vomiting was more often presented in children aged <15 years and decreased steadily with age. <ref name="pmid17885697">{{cite journal |vauthors=Britt H, Fahridin S |title=Presentations of nausea and vomiting |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=36 |issue=9 |pages=682–3 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17885697 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* In a study of patients with nausea and vomiting in Australia, between April 2000 and March 2006. vomiting was more often presented in children aged <15 years and decreased steadily with age. <ref name="pmid17885697">{{cite journal |vauthors=Britt H, Fahridin S |title=Presentations of nausea and vomiting |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=36 |issue=9 |pages=682–3 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17885697 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Nausea was more often presented in age 15-25 years and less frequently in all other age groups.
* Nausea was more often presented in age 15-25 years and less frequently in all other age groups.


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===Gender===
===Gender===
* Prevalence of nausea is more in females than males. <ref name="pmid11869741">{{cite journal |vauthors=Haug TT, Mykletun A, Dahl AA |title=The prevalence of nausea in the community: psychological, social and somatic factors |journal=Gen Hosp Psychiatry |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=81–6 |date=2002 |pmid=11869741 |doi=10.1016/s0163-8343(01)00184-0 |url=}}</ref>
* [[Prevalence]] of nausea is more in females than males. <ref name="pmid11869741">{{cite journal |vauthors=Haug TT, Mykletun A, Dahl AA |title=The prevalence of nausea in the community: psychological, social and somatic factors |journal=Gen Hosp Psychiatry |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=81–6 |date=2002 |pmid=11869741 |doi=10.1016/s0163-8343(01)00184-0 |url=}}</ref>
* Nausea and vomiting associated with gastroenteritis is significantly more in males than in females. <ref name="pmid17885697">{{cite journal |vauthors=Britt H, Fahridin S |title=Presentations of nausea and vomiting |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=36 |issue=9 |pages=682–3 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17885697 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Nausea and vomiting associated with [[gastroenteritis]] is significantly more in males than in females. <ref name="pmid17885697">{{cite journal |vauthors=Britt H, Fahridin S |title=Presentations of nausea and vomiting |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=36 |issue=9 |pages=682–3 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17885697 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Undiagnosed cases of nausea and vomiting are more commonly seen in females than males. <ref name="pmid17885697">{{cite journal |vauthors=Britt H, Fahridin S |title=Presentations of nausea and vomiting |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=36 |issue=9 |pages=682–3 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17885697 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Undiagnosed cases of nausea and vomiting are more commonly seen in females than males. <ref name="pmid17885697">{{cite journal |vauthors=Britt H, Fahridin S |title=Presentations of nausea and vomiting |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=36 |issue=9 |pages=682–3 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17885697 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


===Developed Countries===
===Developed Countries===
* In a study, nausea and vomiting was reported more commonly by less educated pregnant females (hence less common in developed countries due to high literacy rate) <ref name="pmid16879499">{{cite journal |vauthors=Louik C, Hernandez-Diaz S, Werler MM, Mitchell AA |title=Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: maternal characteristics and risk factors |journal=Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=270–8 |date=July 2006 |pmid=16879499 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3016.2006.00723.x |url=}}</ref>
===Developing Countries===
===Developing Countries===
* Developing countries may have more cases of nausea and vomiting due to low literacy and low socioeconomic status according to a study that involved cases of [[nausea]] and [[vomiting]] in pregnant females. <ref name="pmid16879499">{{cite journal |vauthors=Louik C, Hernandez-Diaz S, Werler MM, Mitchell AA |title=Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: maternal characteristics and risk factors |journal=Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol |volume=20 |issue=4 |pages=270–8 |date=July 2006 |pmid=16879499 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3016.2006.00723.x |url=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 02:24, 21 January 2021

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Overview

Epidemiology and demographics

  • In population studies, at least one episode of nausea was reported in more than 50% of adults, and one episode of vomiting in more than 30% of adults within the preceding 12 months, with nausea seen more in women than men. [1] [2]
  • A significant psychological and economic impact of nausea and vomiting is seen with an estimated economic burden of $4-16 billion on US economy. [2]
  • Only 25% of people with acute symptoms of nausea and vomiting seek medical help. [3]

Incidence

  • Incidence of nausea and vomiting varies with the underlying cause.
  • Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy effects 70% to 80% of all pregnant women. [4]
  • Approximately 40% of patients experience nausea and 15%-25% patients experience vomiting with opioid use. [5]
  • Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting varies from 8%-92%. [5]

Prevalence

  • In population studies, at least one episode of nausea was reported in more than 50% of adults, and one episode of vomiting in more than 30% of adults within the preceding 12 months, with nausea seen more in women than men. [1]
  • Only 25% of people with acute symptoms of nausea and vomiting seek medical help. [3]
  • The exact prevalence of idiopathic nausea and vomiting is not known. [2]

Age

  • In a study of patients with nausea and vomiting in Australia, between April 2000 and March 2006. vomiting was more often presented in children aged <15 years and decreased steadily with age. [6]
  • Nausea was more often presented in age 15-25 years and less frequently in all other age groups.

Race

  • White/African-Americans experience less nausea than Asian/Asian-American subjects. [7] [8]

Gender

  • Prevalence of nausea is more in females than males. [9]
  • Nausea and vomiting associated with gastroenteritis is significantly more in males than in females. [6]
  • Undiagnosed cases of nausea and vomiting are more commonly seen in females than males. [6]

Developed Countries

  • In a study, nausea and vomiting was reported more commonly by less educated pregnant females (hence less common in developed countries due to high literacy rate) [10]

Developing Countries

  • Developing countries may have more cases of nausea and vomiting due to low literacy and low socioeconomic status according to a study that involved cases of nausea and vomiting in pregnant females. [10]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 "Mechanisms and Control of Emesis: A Satellite Symposium of the European ... - Google Books".
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Singh P, Yoon SS, Kuo B (January 2016). "Nausea: a review of pathophysiology and therapeutics". Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 9 (1): 98–112. doi:10.1177/1756283X15618131. PMC 4699282. PMID 26770271.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Metz A, Hebbard G (September 2007). "Nausea and vomiting in adults--a diagnostic approach". Aust Fam Physician. 36 (9): 688–92. PMID 17885699.
  4. Lee NM, Saha S (June 2011). "Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy". Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 40 (2): 309–34, vii. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2011.03.009. PMC 3676933. PMID 21601782.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Mallick-Searle T, Fillman M (November 2017). "The pathophysiology, incidence, impact, and treatment of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting". J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. 29 (11): 704–710. doi:10.1002/2327-6924.12532. PMID 29131554.
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Britt H, Fahridin S (September 2007). "Presentations of nausea and vomiting". Aust Fam Physician. 36 (9): 682–3. PMID 17885697.
  7. Stern RM, Hu S, LeBlanc R, Koch KL (September 1993). "Chinese hyper-susceptibility to vection-induced motion sickness". Aviat Space Environ Med. 64 (9 Pt 1): 827–30. PMID 8216144.
  8. Stern RM, Hu S, Uijtdehaage SH, Muth ER, Xu LH, Koch KL (1996). "Asian hypersusceptibility to motion sickness". Hum Hered. 46 (1): 7–14. doi:10.1159/000154318. PMID 8825456.
  9. Haug TT, Mykletun A, Dahl AA (2002). "The prevalence of nausea in the community: psychological, social and somatic factors". Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 24 (2): 81–6. doi:10.1016/s0163-8343(01)00184-0. PMID 11869741.
  10. 10.0 10.1 Louik C, Hernandez-Diaz S, Werler MM, Mitchell AA (July 2006). "Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy: maternal characteristics and risk factors". Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 20 (4): 270–8. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3016.2006.00723.x. PMID 16879499.

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