Echinococcosis physical examination: Difference between revisions
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{{Echinococcosis}} | {{Echinococcosis}} | ||
{{CMG}} '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}} {{KD}} | {{CMG}} '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{MIR}} ; {{CZ}} {{KD}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Physical examination of a patient with echinococcosis may reveal hypotension, | The patient are usually well appearing in non-complicated cases and mainly during early [[infection]], but may be ill looking in complicated cases. Physical examination of a patient with [[echinococcosis]] may reveal [[hypotension]], [[fever]], [[jaundice]], pulmonary manifestations depending on the extend of the disease ([[cough]], [[hemoptysis]], [[dyspnea]], dullness or hyperrosnance, etc.), [[pitting edema]], [[hepatomegaly]] and [[abdominal tenderness]].<ref name="pmid3362862">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chakraborty R, Smouse PE |title=Recombination of haplotypes leads to biased estimates of admixture proportions in human populations |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=85 |issue=9 |pages=3071–4 |year=1988 |pmid=3362862 |pmc=280145 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19369124">{{cite journal |vauthors=Arinc S, Kosif A, Ertugrul M, Arpag H, Alpay L, Unal O, Devran O, Atasalihi A |title=Evaluation of pulmonary hydatid cyst cases |journal=Int J Surg |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=192–5 |year=2009 |pmid=19369124 |doi=10.1016/j.ijsu.2008.11.003 |url=}}</ref> | ||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
=== Appearance === | |||
* The patient are usually well appearing in non-complicated cases and mainly during early [[infection]] | |||
* The patient may be ill looking in complicated cases(ruptures [[cysts]]-numerous hyperactive [[cysts]]-pulmonary [[cysts]]-etc.) | |||
===Vitals=== | ===Vitals=== | ||
=== | * [[Hypotension]] | ||
** May be present if the [[cyst]] ruptures due to [[anaphylactic reaction]] | |||
* [[Fever]] | |||
** Due to [[cyst]] ruptures that can lead to: | |||
*** [[anaphylactic reaction]] | |||
*** Secondary infection | |||
* [[Tachypnea]] | |||
** In the presence of [[pulmonary]] ruptured [[cysts]] | |||
* Decreased blood oxygen saturation | |||
** In pulmonary cases | |||
=== Skin === | |||
* [[Jaundice]] | |||
* [[Cyanosis]] | |||
** Late stages of [[pulmonary]] untreated disease | |||
===HEENT=== | |||
* [[Icterus|Icteric sclera]] | |||
* | === Lungs === | ||
* [[Cough]] | |||
* [[Chest pain]] | |||
* [[Dyspnea]] | |||
* [[Hemoptysis]] | |||
* [[Thoracic]] deformations | |||
* [[Pneumothorax]] | |||
** Unequal breath sounds | |||
** Hyperresonance with [[percussion]] over the [[chest wall]] | |||
** Decreased wall movement on the affected side of the chest | |||
* [[Pleural effusion]] | |||
** Dullness resonance in [[percussion]] | |||
* [[Empyema]] | |||
** [[Friction rub]] | |||
** Decreased breath sounds | |||
** [[Wheezing]] | |||
* [[Atelectasis]] | |||
** Decreased breath sounds in the region of [[atelectasis]] | |||
** Dullness resonance in [[percussion]] | |||
** Decreased chest excursion | |||
=== | === Heart === | ||
* [[Dyspnea]] | |||
* Chest pain | |||
* [[ | *Mechanical rupture of valves | ||
**In Mitral valve prolapse as a click with late systolic murmur | |||
*[[Pericardial tamponade]] | |||
**[[Pericardial rubs|Pericardial rub]] | |||
**Quiet heart sounds | |||
===Abdomen=== | ===Abdomen=== | ||
* [[Hepatomegaly]] | * [[Hepatomegaly]] | ||
* [[Ascites]] | |||
** Secondary to [[nephrotic syndrome]] and [[hepatic failure]] | |||
* [[Abdominal tenderness|Tender abdomen]] | |||
** Especially in [[right upper quadrant]] | |||
=== Extremities === | |||
* [[Pitting edema]] | |||
** Secondary to [[nephrotic syndrome]] | |||
* [[ | === Neuromuscular === | ||
* [[Seizure]] | |||
** Due to [[Raised intracranial pressure]] | |||
* [[spinal cord compression]] | |||
** As a result of [[spinal cord]] [[infection]] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
[[Category:Parasitic diseases]] | [[Category:Parasitic diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:Needs overview]] | [[Category:Needs overview]] | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Hepatology]] | |||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | |||
[[Category:Surgery]] | |||
Latest revision as of 21:32, 29 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2] ; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3] Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[4]
Overview
The patient are usually well appearing in non-complicated cases and mainly during early infection, but may be ill looking in complicated cases. Physical examination of a patient with echinococcosis may reveal hypotension, fever, jaundice, pulmonary manifestations depending on the extend of the disease (cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, dullness or hyperrosnance, etc.), pitting edema, hepatomegaly and abdominal tenderness.[1][2]
Physical Examination
Appearance
- The patient are usually well appearing in non-complicated cases and mainly during early infection
- The patient may be ill looking in complicated cases(ruptures cysts-numerous hyperactive cysts-pulmonary cysts-etc.)
Vitals
- Hypotension
- May be present if the cyst ruptures due to anaphylactic reaction
- Fever
- Due to cyst ruptures that can lead to:
- anaphylactic reaction
- Secondary infection
- Due to cyst ruptures that can lead to:
- Tachypnea
- Decreased blood oxygen saturation
- In pulmonary cases
Skin
HEENT
Lungs
- Cough
- Chest pain
- Dyspnea
- Hemoptysis
- Thoracic deformations
- Pneumothorax
- Unequal breath sounds
- Hyperresonance with percussion over the chest wall
- Decreased wall movement on the affected side of the chest
- Pleural effusion
- Dullness resonance in percussion
- Empyema
- Friction rub
- Decreased breath sounds
- Wheezing
- Atelectasis
- Decreased breath sounds in the region of atelectasis
- Dullness resonance in percussion
- Decreased chest excursion
Heart
- Dyspnea
- Chest pain
- Mechanical rupture of valves
- In Mitral valve prolapse as a click with late systolic murmur
- Pericardial tamponade
- Pericardial rub
- Quiet heart sounds
Abdomen
- Hepatomegaly
- Ascites
- Secondary to nephrotic syndrome and hepatic failure
- Tender abdomen
- Especially in right upper quadrant
Extremities
- Pitting edema
- Secondary to nephrotic syndrome
Neuromuscular
- Seizure
- Due to Raised intracranial pressure
- spinal cord compression
- As a result of spinal cord infection
References
- ↑ Chakraborty R, Smouse PE (1988). "Recombination of haplotypes leads to biased estimates of admixture proportions in human populations". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (9): 3071–4. PMC 280145. PMID 3362862.
- ↑ Arinc S, Kosif A, Ertugrul M, Arpag H, Alpay L, Unal O, Devran O, Atasalihi A (2009). "Evaluation of pulmonary hydatid cyst cases". Int J Surg. 7 (3): 192–5. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2008.11.003. PMID 19369124.