Echinococcosis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2] ; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[4]
Overview
In endemic areas such as eastern part of the Mediterranean region, Northern Africa, Southern and Eastern Europe, at the southern tip of South America, in Central Asia, Siberia and Western China, the incidence of echinococcosis is more than 50 per 100,000 persons.[1]
Epidemiology
Incidence
In endemic areas such as eastern part of the Mediterranean region, Northern Africa, Southern and Eastern Europe, at the southern tip of South America, in Central Asia, Siberia and Western China, the incidence of echinococcosis is more than 50 per 100,000 persons.
Age
- Echinococcosis commonly affects elderly age group above 55 years.
Gender
- Men and women are affected equally by echinococcosis.
Race
- There is no racial predilection for echinococcosis.
Geographic distrubution
- E. granulosus is present virtually worldwide since there are very few countries that are considered to be completely free of E. granulosus.[2]
- E. multilocularis mainly occurs in the northern hemisphere, including central europe and the northern parts of europe, asia, and north america.[3]
- The other two species of Echinococcus, E. vogeli and E. oligarthus are limited to central and south america. Furthermore, infections by E. vogeli and E. oligarthus (polycystic echinococcosis) are considered to be the rarest form of echinococcosis.[4]
References
- ↑ Vuitton DA, Zhou H, Bresson-Hadni S, Wang Q, Piarroux M, Raoul F, Giraudoux P (2003). "Epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis with particular reference to China and Europe". Parasitology. 127 Suppl: S87–107. PMID 15027607.
- ↑ Budke, Christine M., Peter Deplazes, and Paul R. Torgerson. “Global Socioeconomic Impact of Cystic Echinococcosis.” Emerging Infectious Disease (2006). Web. 15 February 2010.
- ↑ CDC. "Parasites and Health: Echinococcosis." DPDx. 20 July 2009. CDC, Web. 5 February 2010. <http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/DPDx/html/Echinococcosis.htm>.
- ↑ John, David T. and William A. Petri. Markell and Voge's Medical Parasitology. 9th ed. St. Louis, MI: Saunders Elsevier, 2006. 224-231. Print.