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{{Lupus nephritis}}
{{Lupus nephritis}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}}, {{RT}}


==Overview==
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} [[User:Okamal|Omer Kamal, M.D.]][Mailto:okamal@bidmc.harvard.edu| <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>]
 
== Overview ==
There are no established direct causes of systemic lupus erythematosus. Common contributory factors in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus include [[genetic]]<nowiki/>predisposition, [[Auto-immune disease|auto-immune diseases]], and use of drugs. Less common factors include environmental factors and exposure to [[Ultraviolet light|ultraviolet (UV) light.]]
 
==Causes==
==Causes==
'''Lupus nephritis''' is an inflammation of the kidney caused by [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] ([[SLE]]), a disease of the [[immune system]].  Apart from the kidneys, SLE can also damage the [[skin]], joints, [[nervous system]] and virtually any organ or system in the body.
* [[Genetic]] predisposition:<ref name="pmid8749564">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schur PH |title=Genetics of systemic lupus erythematosus |journal=Lupus |volume=4 |issue=6 |pages=425–37 |year=1995 |pmid=8749564 |doi=10.1177/096120339500400603 |url=}}</ref>
** [[HLA]] class [[polymorphism]]
** [[Complement]] genes
** Female sexual gene due to high levels of [[estrogen]] and [[prolactin]]
* [[Auto-immune]] disease<ref name="pmid7656468">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cutolo M, Sulli A, Seriolo B, Accardo S, Masi AT |title=Estrogens, the immune response and autoimmunity |journal=Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=217–26 |year=1995 |pmid=7656468 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
* Infections
** [[Parvovirus B19]]
** [[Epstein-Barr virus|Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)]]
** [[Trypanosomiasis]]
** [[Mycobacterial infection|Mycobacterial infections]] 
 
* Exposure to [[ultraviolet]] (UV) light<ref name="pmid12464374">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cooper GS, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS |title=Risk factors for development of systemic lupus erythematosus: allergies, infections, and family history |journal=J Clin Epidemiol |volume=55 |issue=10 |pages=982–9 |year=2002 |pmid=12464374 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** Can exacerbate or induce systemic manifestations of SLE 
* Drug-induced lupus
{{Columns-list|3|
* [[Acebutolol]]
* [[Adalimumab]]
* [[Anastrozole]]
* [[Bupropion]]
* [[Captopril]]
* [[Cilazapril]]
* [[Cinnarizine]]/[[thiethylperazine]]
* [[Diltiazem]]
* [[Docetaxel]]
* [[Doxorubicin]]
* [[Penicillamine|D-penicillamine]]
* [[Etanercept]]
* [[Gemcitabine]]
* [[Glyburide]]
** [[Golimumab]]
** [[Griseofulvin]]
** [[Hydrochlorothiazide]]
** [[Infliximab]]
** [[Interferon-alpha]]
** [[Interferon-beta]]
** [[Oxprenolol]]
** [[Phenytoin]]
** [[Lamotrigine]]
** [[Lansoprazole]]
** [[Leflunomide]]
** [[Leuprorelin]]
** [[Naproxen]]
** [[Nifedipine]]
** [[Nitrendipine]]
** [[Omeprazole]]
** [[Paclitaxel]]
** [[Pantoprazole]]
** [[Piroxicam]]
** [[Pravastatin]]
** [[Ranitidine]]
** [[Simvastatin]]
** [[Spironolactone]]
** [[Tamoxifen]]
** [[Terbinafine]]
** [[Ticlopidine]]
** [[Verapamil]]
** [[Sulfonamide]]s
}}
 
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


{{reflist|2}}
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{{WH}}
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[[Category: (name of the system)]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Nephrology]]
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]

Latest revision as of 17:58, 20 July 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omer Kamal, M.D.[2]

Overview

There are no established direct causes of systemic lupus erythematosus. Common contributory factors in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus include geneticpredisposition, auto-immune diseases, and use of drugs. Less common factors include environmental factors and exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.

Causes

  • Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light[3]
    • Can exacerbate or induce systemic manifestations of SLE 
  • Drug-induced lupus
The unnamed parameter 2= is no longer supported. Please see the documentation for {{columns-list}}.
3

References

  1. Schur PH (1995). "Genetics of systemic lupus erythematosus". Lupus. 4 (6): 425–37. doi:10.1177/096120339500400603. PMID 8749564.
  2. Cutolo M, Sulli A, Seriolo B, Accardo S, Masi AT (1995). "Estrogens, the immune response and autoimmunity". Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 13 (2): 217–26. PMID 7656468.
  3. Cooper GS, Dooley MA, Treadwell EL, St Clair EW, Gilkeson GS (2002). "Risk factors for development of systemic lupus erythematosus: allergies, infections, and family history". J Clin Epidemiol. 55 (10): 982–9. PMID 12464374.

Template:WH Template:WS