Ischemic stroke classification
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Ischemic Stroke Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maryam Hadipour, M.D.[2]Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [3]Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[4],Tarek Nafee, M.D. [5],Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [6]
Overview
Ischemic stroke may be classified according to the duration of onset of symptoms and causative agent. The major classification system of ischemic stroke include toast classification system, causative classification of stroke system (CCS), and sparkle classification of ischemic stroke.
Classification
Ischemic stroke may be classified according to the duration of onset of symptoms and causative agent. The major classification system of ischemic stroke include: [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
- Toast classification system[1]
- Causative classification of stroke system (CCS)[4]
- Sparkle classification of ischemic stroke[3]
| Ischemic stroke | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Based on duration of onset of symptoms | Based on cause | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transient Ischemic stroke (symptoms lasts <24 hrs) | Acute Ischemic stroke (symptoms lasts >24 hrs) | Chronic ischemic stroke | Thrombotic | Embolic[5] 1.Atrial fibrillation | Vasculitic Takayasu arteritis | Systemic hypoperfusion
1.Myocardial infarction | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| TOAST classification[1] 1.Large artery atherosclerosis | Arterial thrombosis
1.Carotid artery 2.Vertebral artery 3.Circle of Willis 4.Middle cerbral artery | Venous thrombosis Central venous thrombosis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Large vessel involvement
1.Atherosclerosis | Small vessel involvement
1.Fibrinoid degeneration | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stroke | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ischemic | Hemorrhagic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Large vessel thromboembolism | Cardioembolic | Small vessel or Lacunar infarct | Intra-axial | Extra-axial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intracerebral (ICH) | Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) | Subdural Hemorrhage | Epidural Hemorrhage | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Intraparenchymal hemorrhage | Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) | Cerebral microbleeds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Adams HP, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL; et al. (1993). "Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment". Stroke. 24 (1): 35–41. PMID 7678184.
- ↑ Adams HP, Biller J (2015). "Classification of subtypes of ischemic stroke: history of the trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment classification". Stroke. 46 (5): e114–7. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007773. PMID 25813192.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bogiatzi C, Wannarong T, McLeod AI, Heisel M, Hackam D, Spence JD (2014). "SPARKLE (Subtypes of Ischaemic Stroke Classification System), incorporating measurement of carotid plaque burden: a new validated tool for the classification of ischemic stroke subtypes". Neuroepidemiology. 42 (4): 243–51. doi:10.1159/000362417. PMID 24862944.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Arsava EM, Ballabio E, Benner T, Cole JW, Delgado-Martinez MP, Dichgans M; et al. (2010). "The Causative Classification of Stroke system: an international reliability and optimization study". Neurology. 75 (14): 1277–84. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f612ce. PMC 3013495. PMID 20921513.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Montanaro VV, da Silva CM, de Viana Santos CV, Lima MI, Negrão EM, de Freitas GR (2016). "Ischemic stroke classification and risk of embolism in patients with Chagas disease". J Neurol. doi:10.1007/s00415-016-8275-0. PMID 27624118 : 27624118 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Ay H, Furie KL, Singhal A, Smith WS, Sorensen AG, Koroshetz WJ (2005). "An evidence-based causative classification system for acute ischemic stroke". Ann Neurol. 58 (5): 688–97. doi:10.1002/ana.20617. PMID 16240340.
- ↑ McArdle PF, Kittner SJ, Ay H, Brown RD, Meschia JF, Rundek T; et al. (2014). "Agreement between TOAST and CCS ischemic stroke classification: the NINDS SiGN study". Neurology. 83 (18): 1653–60. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000942. PMC 4223086. PMID 25261504.