Secretoneurin

Chromogranin B (secretogranin 1)
Identifiers
Symbols	CHGB ; SCG1
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 1375
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
File:PBB GE CHGB 204260 at tn.png
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

Secretoneurin, also called Chromogranin B (CHGB), is a 33-amino acid neuropeptide derived from secretogranin II (chromogranin C, CHGC) . Because of this secretogranin II is also called secretoneurin-included (SN, included).

Chromogranin B is a tyrosine-sulfated secretory protein found in a wide variety of peptidergic endocrine cells. Chromogranin functions as a neuroendocrine secretory granule protein which may be the precursor for other biologically active peptides.

Secretoneurin is involved in chemotaxis of monocytes and epsinophils (comparable in potency to IL8) and endothelial cells and in regulation of endothelial cell proliferation. Highest secretoneurin levels are found in anterior pituitary, followed by adrenal medulla and posterior pituitary hypothalamus (2- to 6-fold lower levels in other brain regions investigated). Secretoneurin has been shown to have potent angiogenic activity in vivo in mouse cornea model and in vitro in a 3-dimensional gel.

Singaling

PI3 kinase, phosphodiesterase and phospholipase D inhibition inhobits its pro-migration effects, but blocking PKC and tyrosine kinases has notbeen shown to have effect. Downstream to these ERK type MAP kinase and AKT are activated.

Further reading

• Erickson JD, Lloyd R, Trojanowski JQ; et al. (1992). "Sites of synthesis of chromogranins A and B in the human brain". Neuropeptides. 21 (4): 239–44. PMID 1518561.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Levine MA, Modi WS, O'Brien SJ (1992). "Mapping of the gene encoding the alpha subunit of the stimulatory G protein of adenylyl cyclase (GNAS1) to 20q13.2----q13.3 in human by in situ hybridization". Genomics. 11 (2): 478–9. PMID 1769666.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Gill BM, Barbosa JA, Dinh TQ; et al. (1991). "Chromogranin B: isolation from pheochromocytoma, N-terminal sequence, tissue distribution and secretory vesicle processing". Regul. Pept. 33 (2): 223–35. PMID 1882087.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Benedum UM, Lamouroux A, Konecki DS; et al. (1987). "The primary structure of human secretogranin I (chromogranin B): comparison with chromogranin A reveals homologous terminal domains and a large intervening variable region". EMBO J. 6 (5): 1203–11. PMID 3608978.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Benjannet S, Leduc R, Adrouche N; et al. (1988). "Chromogranin B (secretogranin I), a putative precursor of two novel pituitary peptides through processing at paired basic residues". FEBS Lett. 224 (1): 142–8. PMID 3678488.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Benjannet S, Leduc R, Lazure C; et al. (1985). "GAWK, a novel human pituitary polypeptide: isolation, immunocytochemical localization and complete amino acid sequence". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 126 (1): 602–9. PMID 3970711.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Stridsberg M, Oberg K, Li Q; et al. (1995). "Measurements of chromogranin A, chromogranin B (secretogranin I), chromogranin C (secretogranin II) and pancreastatin in plasma and urine from patients with carcinoid tumours and endocrine pancreatic tumours". J. Endocrinol. 144 (1): 49–59. PMID 7891024.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. PMID 8125298.
• Portela-Gomes GM, Stridsberg M, Johansson H, Grimelius L (1997). "Complex co-localization of chromogranins and neurohormones in the human gastrointestinal tract". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 45 (6): 815–22. PMID 9199667.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K; et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. PMID 9373149.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Eder U, Leitner B, Kirchmair R; et al. (1998). "Levels and proteolytic processing of chromogranin A and B and secretogranin II in cerebrospinal fluid in neurological diseases". Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996). 105 (1): 39–51. PMID 9588759.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Marksteiner J, Bauer R, Kaufmann WA; et al. (1999). "PE-11, a peptide derived from chromogranin B, in the human brain". Neuroscience. 91 (3): 1155–70. PMID 10391491.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J; et al. (2002). "The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20". Nature. 414 (6866): 865–71. doi:10.1038/414865a. PMID 11780052.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Yoo SH, You SH, Kang MK; et al. (2002). "Localization of the secretory granule marker protein chromogranin B in the nucleus. Potential role in transcription control". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (18): 16011–21. doi:10.1074/jbc.M105594200. PMID 11854265.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Marksteiner J, Kaufmann WA, Gurka P, Humpel C (2002). "Synaptic proteins in Alzheimer's disease". J. Mol. Neurosci. 18 (1–2): 53–63. PMID 11931350.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Zhang B, Tan Z, Zhang C; et al. (2002). "Polymorphisms of chromogranin B gene associated with schizophrenia in Chinese Han population". Neurosci. Lett. 323 (3): 229–33. PMID 11959426.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Tasiemski A, Hammad H, Vandenbulcke F; et al. (2002). "Presence of chromogranin-derived antimicrobial peptides in plasma during coronary artery bypass surgery and evidence of an immune origin of these peptides". Blood. 100 (2): 553–9. PMID 12091348.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Portela-Gomes GM, Stridsberg M (2002). "Region-specific antibodies to chromogranin B display various immunostaining patterns in human endocrine pancreas". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 50 (8): 1023–30. PMID 12133905.
• Kimura N, Yoshida R, Shiraishi S; et al. (2003). "Chromogranin A and chromogranin B in noninvasive and invasive breast carcinoma". Endocr. Pathol. 13 (2): 117–22. PMID 12165659.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Portela-Gomes GM, Stridsberg M (2002). "Region-specific antibodies against chromogranin B display different immunoreactivity in the human pancreatic islet cell types". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 971: 341–4. PMID 12438147.

External links

• secretoneurin at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)