Pulmonic regurgitation epidemiology and demographics

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Pulmonic regurgitation Microchapters

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Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differential diagnosis

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Electrocardiogram

Chest X-Ray

Echocardiography

Cardiac MRI

Severity Assessment

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgical therapy

Follow up

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2], Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[3], Javaria Anwer M.D.[4]

Overview

The prevalence of mild PR among patients with normal anatomy of the pulmonary valve is 40% to 78%. Among patients born with congenital heart disease, 20% of patients have associated abnormalities of the pulmonary valve or the right ventricular outlet obstruction. The incidence and prevalence of PR increases with age. 24% of the deaths due to valvular heart disease are attributed to tricuspid valve and pulmonic valve abnormalities combined. There is one study supporting the increased prevalence of PR among women. In developing countries Pulmonary hypertension (PAH) is primarily due to rheumatic heart disease (RHD) which is rare in developed countries. PAH is a major cause of secondary PR.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

Incidence

Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate

Age


Race

Gender

Developed Countries

Developing Countries

References

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