Primary biliary cirrhosis physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[2]

Overview

Physical examination of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis in early stages of diseases is usually normal. Patients have clinical manifestations as the disease progress. Physical examination of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis is usually remarkable for fatigue. Late stage disease is characterized by liver failure manifesting as abdominal distension and altered mental status.

Physical Examination

• Physical examination of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis in early stages of diseases is usually normal. Patients have clinical manifestations as the disease progress.

Appearance of the Patient

• Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis may appear fatigued.

Vital Signs

• Vital signs of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis are usually normal.

Skin

• Jaundice
• Diffuse pigmentation due to melanin deposition as a result of cholestasis
• Scratch marks
• Xanthelasma in a few patients
• Xanthomas are observed rarely

HEENT

• HEENT examination of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis is usually normal.

Neck

• Neck examination of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis is usually normal.

Lungs

• Pulmonary examination of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis is usually normal.

Heart

• Cardiac examination of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis is usually normal.

Abdomen

• Splenomegaly due to portal hypertension
• Hepatomegaly
• Abdominal distension due to ascites

Back

Back examination of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis is usually normal.

Genitourinary

• Genitourinary examination of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis is usually normal.

Neuromuscular

• Altered mental status due to hepatic encephalopathy in late stages

Extremities

• Extremity examination of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis is usually normal.