Mitral valve prolapse natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Complications

• Infective Endocarditis
• Mitral regurgitation - Mitral valve prolapse is frequently associated with mild mitral regurgitation, where blood aberrantly flows from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole. Occasionally MVP patients experience severe regurgitation, often due to chordae tendineae rupture.
• Stroke
• Clots to other areas
• Sudden death - severe mitral valve prolapse is associated with arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation that may progress and lead to sudden death. As there is no evidence that a prolapsed valve itself contributes to such arrythmias, these complications are more likely due to mitral regurgitation and congestive heart failure.

Prognosis

The major predictors of mortality are the severity of mitral regurgitation and the ejection fraction. Generally, MVP is a benign disorder. However, MVP patients with a murmur, not just an isolated click, may have a poorer prognosis.