Leptospirosis classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Leptospirosis is classified into anicteric and icteric form of leptospirosis based on the clinical presentation.
Classification
Anicteric leptospirosis
- More common but serious illness is uncommon[1]
- Most of cases present either subclinical or of very mild severity.
- Few cases present with a febrile illness of sudden onset.
- Other symptoms include chills, headache (severe with retro-orbital pain and photophobia), myalgia, abdominal pain, conjunctival suffusion, and skin rash (transient and last < 24 hours)
- May progress to aseptic meningitis in ≤ 25% of patients and more common in younger age group than the patients with icteric leptospirosis.
- Mortality is very less when compared to icteric leptospirosis
Icteric leptospirosis
- Rapidly progressive and severe form of leptospirosis (Weil's disease)
- In the severe form of leptospirosis renal failure, hepatic failure and pulmonary hemorrhage can occur and associate with Icterohemorrhagiae.[2]
- Less common form of leptospirosis with incidence of 5%-10%.
- Jaundice is not associate with hepatocellular injury, eventually LFT returns to normal after recovery.
- High mortality rate with a range of 5%-15%.
References
- ↑ prasad, jagadeesh. "Leptospirosis" (PDF).
- ↑ Katz AR, Ansdell VE, Effler PV, Middleton CR, Sasaki DM (2001). "Assessment of the clinical presentation and treatment of 353 cases of laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis in Hawaii, 1974-1998". Clin Infect Dis. 33 (11): 1834–41. doi:10.1086/324084. PMID 11692294.