Goiter causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Reddy Kothagadi M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Various factors have been associated with the cause of goiter such as hereditary, hormonal, dietary, pharmacological, physiological, environmental and pathological factors. The most common causes being, iodine deficiency, Grave's disease and hashimoto's disease. Goiter may be caused by a mutation in the genes such as the thyroglobulin (Tg) gene, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene and the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) gene.

Causes

Factors associated with goiter can be classified as follows:

Hereditary factors

Hormonal factors

Thyroid hormone dysfunction:

Dietary factors

Pharmacological factors

Physiological factors

Environmental factors

Pathological factors

Intrinsic thyroid gland diseases:

  • Inflammatory goitres
  • Neoplastic goitres
    • Benign adenoma (follicular adenoma)
    • Malignant
      • Primary: Well differentiated, poorly differentiated, arising from parafollicular cells
      • Secondary

Common Causes

Goiter may be caused by:

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of Goiter include:

Genetic Causes

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Brix TH, Hegedüs L (2000). "Genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of simple goitre". Ann. Med. 32 (3): 153–6. PMID 10821321.

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