Eisenmenger’s syndrome history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, MD[2]
Overview
Patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome pass through the following stages: An underlying heart defect that initially allows a left-to-right shunt between the left and right sides of the heart, then the development of pulmonary hypertension, then polycythemia, an increase in the number of red blood cells, and finally, a reversal of the left-to-right shunt so that there is a right-to-left shunt. The common symptoms of Eisenmenger's syndrome include dyspnea, syncope, hemoptysis, chest pain, dizziness, fatigue, and dyspnea.
History and Symptoms
History
Patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome pass through the following stages[1]:
- An underlying heart defect that initially allows a left-to-right shunt between the left and right sides of the heart
- The development of pulmonary hypertension
- Polycythemia, an increase in the number of red blood cells
- Finally, a reversal of the left-to-right shunt so that there is a right-to-left shunt
Therefore, they may present with a history of symptoms for each of these stages.
Common Symptoms
Common symptoms of Eisenmenger's syndrome include[2]:
Less Common symptoms
Less common symptoms of Eisenmenger's syndrome include[3]:
References
- ↑ Kaemmerer H, Mebus S, Schulze-Neick I, Eicken A, Trindade PT, Hager A; et al. (2010). "The adult patient with eisenmenger syndrome: a medical update after dana point part I: epidemiology, clinical aspects and diagnostic options". Curr Cardiol Rev. 6 (4): 343–55. doi:10.2174/157340310793566154. PMC 3083816. PMID 22043211.
- ↑ Kaemmerer H, Mebus S, Schulze-Neick I, Eicken A, Trindade PT, Hager A; et al. (2010). "The adult patient with eisenmenger syndrome: a medical update after dana point part I: epidemiology, clinical aspects and diagnostic options". Curr Cardiol Rev. 6 (4): 343–55. doi:10.2174/157340310793566154. PMC 3083816. PMID 22043211.
- ↑ Iveta S (2009). "Eisenmenger syndrome--a unique form of pulmonary arterial hypertension". Bratisl Lek Listy. 110 (12): 757–64. PMID 20196469.