NADH dehydrogenase

(Redirected from Complex I)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

WikiDoc Resources for NADH dehydrogenase

Articles

Most recent articles on NADH dehydrogenase

Most cited articles on NADH dehydrogenase

Review articles on NADH dehydrogenase

Articles on NADH dehydrogenase in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on NADH dehydrogenase

Images of NADH dehydrogenase

Photos of NADH dehydrogenase

Podcasts & MP3s on NADH dehydrogenase

Videos on NADH dehydrogenase

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on NADH dehydrogenase

Bandolier on NADH dehydrogenase

TRIP on NADH dehydrogenase

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on NADH dehydrogenase at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on NADH dehydrogenase

Clinical Trials on NADH dehydrogenase at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on NADH dehydrogenase

NICE Guidance on NADH dehydrogenase

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on NADH dehydrogenase

CDC on NADH dehydrogenase

Books

Books on NADH dehydrogenase

News

NADH dehydrogenase in the news

Be alerted to news on NADH dehydrogenase

News trends on NADH dehydrogenase

Commentary

Blogs on NADH dehydrogenase

Definitions

Definitions of NADH dehydrogenase

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on NADH dehydrogenase

Discussion groups on NADH dehydrogenase

Patient Handouts on NADH dehydrogenase

Directions to Hospitals Treating NADH dehydrogenase

Risk calculators and risk factors for NADH dehydrogenase

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of NADH dehydrogenase

Causes & Risk Factors for NADH dehydrogenase

Diagnostic studies for NADH dehydrogenase

Treatment of NADH dehydrogenase

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on NADH dehydrogenase

International

NADH dehydrogenase en Espanol

NADH dehydrogenase en Francais

Business

NADH dehydrogenase in the Marketplace

Patents on NADH dehydrogenase

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to NADH dehydrogenase


Overview

Electron transport chain. NADH dehydrogenase is "I", at the left.
The structure of the peripheral domain of a NADH dehydrogenase related protein; bacterial FMN dehygrogenase PDB: 2FUG​. This structure omits a large transmembrane domain which lies to the bottom of the image and extends to the right. This section of the complex lies in the mitochondrial matrix.
The electron carriers of the NADH dehydrogenease complex. 7 primary iron sulphur centers lie in a line down the peripheral arm of the complex to carry electrons from the site of NADH dehydration to ubiquinone. The iron sulphur group on the right is not found in the eukaryotic complex. Note: This image includes two errors. At the top it should indicate NADH ---> NAD+ via a FMN electron carrier/cofactor. At the bottom it should indicate Ubiquinone ---> Ubiquinol.

NADH dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.5.3) is an enzyme located in the inner mitochodrial membrane that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to coenzyme Q (CoQ). It is also called the NADH:quinone oxidoreductase.

Reaction

It is the first enzyme (complex I) of the mitochondrial electron transport chain.

NADH + CoQ + 5H+ → NAD+ + CoQH2 + 4H+

In this process, the complex translocates protons across the inner membrane, helping to build the electrochemical potential used to produce ATP. The exact catalytic mechanism remains unknown.

Composition and structure

It is the largest of the respiratory complexes, the mammalian enzyme containing 42 separate polypeptide chains. Of particular functional importance are the flavin prosthetic group and eight iron-sulfur clusters. Of the 42 subunits, seven are encoded by the mitochondrial genome [1].

The structure is a L shape with a long membrane domain (with around 60 trans-membrane helices) and a hydrophilic peripheral domain which includes the NAD reducing activity. While the structure of the eukaryotic complex is not well characterised the peripheral/hydrophilic domain of the complex from a bacterium (Thermus thermophilus) has been crystallised (PDB: 2FUG) [2].

Inhibitor

The best known inhibitor of complex I is Rotenone (used as an organic pesticide). It is thought to bind to the ubiquinone binding site.

Piericidin A is a more potent inhibitor and is a close structural homologue of ubiquinone.

Pathology

Mutations in the subunits of complex I can cause mitochondrial diseases, including Leigh syndrome.

There is some evidence that complex I defects may play a role in the etiology of Parkinson's disease, perhaps because of reactive oxygen species (complex I can, like complex II, leak electron to oxygen, forming highly toxic superoxide). In fact, recent investigations suggest that reverse electron transfer through Complex I might be the most important site of superoxide production within mitochondria.

Genes

  • NDUFS1 - NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 1, 75kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)
  • NDUFS2 - NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 2, 49kDa (NADH-coenzyme Q reductase)
  • NDUFV1 - NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 1, 51kDa
  • NDUFV2 - NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 2, 24kDa
  • NDUFV3 - NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 3, 10kDa
  • MT-ND4 - mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 4


References

  1. Voet, D, & Voet, J. G, (2004) Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, pps 813-826
  2. Sazanov L.A., Hinchliffe P. (2006) Structure of the hydrophilic domain of respiratory complex I from Thermus thermophilus. Science 311, 1430-1436.

Additional images

External links

Template:Mitochondrial DNA

de:NADH-Dehydrogenase

Template:WH Template:WikiDoc Sources