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{{Tetralogy of fallot}}
{{Tetralogy of fallot}}


{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh| Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh@perfuse.org], [[User:KeriShafer|Keri Shafer, M.D.]] [mailto:kshafer@bidmc.harvard.edu]; '''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@perfuse.org]
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' {{Fs}}, [[Priyamvada Singh| Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com], [[User:KeriShafer|Keri Shafer, M.D.]] [mailto:kshafer@bidmc.harvard.edu]; [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu]


==Overview==
==Overview==
Tetralogy of Fallot causes [[cyanosis]], [[dyspnea]], [[failure to thrive]] and potentially fatal [[tet spells]].
Patients with tetralogy of Fallot may have a positive history of [[alcoholism]], [[diabetes]], Poor [[nutrition]] in mother in mother. Common symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot include sudden, marked bluish skin ([[tet spell]]), [[dyspnea on exertion]], difficulty in [[feeding]], failure to gain [[weight]], [[failure to thrive]], [[Growth retardation|retarded growth]] and physical development, and [[hemoptysis]].


==Symptoms==
==History and Symptoms==
*The primary symptom is low blood oxygen saturation with or without [[cyanosis]] from birth or developing in the first year of lifeIn the absence of cyanosis, the baby is referred to as a "pink tet".
 
* [[Cyanosis]] becomes progressively worse with time as the patient outgrows the ability of pulmonary blood flow to keep up with increasing oxygen demands.
=== History ===
*The following factors exacerbate cyanosis and should be avoided if at all possible:
Patients with tetralogy of Fallot may have a positive history of:<ref>{{cite journal|title=Congenital Malformations in Infants of Diabetic Mothers|journal=QJM: An International Journal of Medicine|year=1976|issn=1460-2393|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a067465}}</ref><ref name="LoserMajewski1977">{{cite journal|last1=Loser|first1=H|last2=Majewski|first2=F|title=Type and frequency of cardiac defects in embryofetal alcohol syndrome. Report of 16 cases.|journal=Heart|volume=39|issue=12|year=1977|pages=1374–1379|issn=1355-6037|doi=10.1136/hrt.39.12.1374}}</ref>
:*[[Acidosis]]
 
:*Stress
*[[Alcoholism]] in the mother
:*Infection
*[[Diabetes]] in mother
:*Posture (upright, not squatting)
*[[Pregnancy]] after the age of 40 in mother
:*Exercise
*Poor [[nutrition]] during [[pregnancy]] in mother
:*[[Beta-adrenergic agonists]]
 
:*[[Dehydration]]
*
:*Closure of the [[patent ductus arteriosus]]
 
*[[Tet spells]] characterized by a sudden, marked increase in [[cyanosis]], [[syncope]], which may result in hypoxic brain injury and death.
=== Common Symptoms ===
*Difficulty in feeding
Common symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot include:<ref>{{Cite journal
 
| author = [[S. S. Kothari]]
  | title = Mechanism of cyanotic spells in tetralogy of Fallot--the missing link?
| journal = [[International journal of cardiology]]
| volume = 37
| issue = 1
| pages = 1–5
| year = 1992
| month = October
| doi = 10.1016/0167-5273(92)90125-m
| pmid = 1428277
}}</ref><ref name="LindeDunn1967">{{cite journal|last1=Linde|first1=Leonard M.|last2=Dunn|first2=Olive Jean|last3=Schireson|first3=Ruth|last4=Rasof|first4=Beatrice|title=Growth in children with congenital heart disease|journal=The Journal of Pediatrics|volume=70|issue=3|year=1967|pages=413–419|issn=00223476|doi=10.1016/S0022-3476(67)80139-2}}</ref>
 
* Sudden, marked bluish skin ([[tet spell]]), which may happens as a result of:
**[[Acidosis]]
**[[Stress]]
**[[Infection]]
**Posture (upright, not squatting)
**[[Exercise]]
**[[Beta-adrenergic agonists]]
**[[Dehydration]]
**Closure of the [[patent ductus arteriosus]]
* [[Dyspnea on exertion]]
* Difficulty in feeding
*Failure to gain weight
*Failure to gain weight
*[[Failure to thrive]]
*[[Failure to thrive]]
*[[Retarded growth and physical development]]
*Retarded growth and physical development
*[[Dyspnea on exertion]]
*[[Hemoptysis]]
*[[Hempotysis]]
 
=== Less Common Symptoms ===
Less common symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot include


==References==
* Prolong crying
*Loss of consciousness
*Irritability


{{Reflist|2}}
*
{{Congenital malformations and deformations of circulatory system}}
{{Electrocardiography}}
[[de:Fallot-Tetralogie]]
[[fr:Tétralogie de Fallot]]
[[it:Tetralogia di Fallot]]
[[nl:Tetralogie van Fallot]]
[[nn:Fallots tetrade]]
[[ja:ファロー四徴症]]
[[pl:Tetralogia Fallota]]
[[ru:Тетрада Фалло]]
[[uk:Тетрада Фалло]]
[[zh:法乐氏四联症]]


[[Category:Disease]]
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Congenital heart disease]]
[[Category:Congenital heart disease]]
 
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Disease]]
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Latest revision as of 20:14, 26 February 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D., Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2], Keri Shafer, M.D. [3]; Kristin Feeney, B.S. [4]

Overview

Patients with tetralogy of Fallot may have a positive history of alcoholism, diabetes, Poor nutrition in mother in mother. Common symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot include sudden, marked bluish skin (tet spell), dyspnea on exertion, difficulty in feeding, failure to gain weight, failure to thrive, retarded growth and physical development, and hemoptysis.

History and Symptoms

History

Patients with tetralogy of Fallot may have a positive history of:[1][2]

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot include:[3][4]

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot include

  • Prolong crying
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Irritability

References

  1. "Congenital Malformations in Infants of Diabetic Mothers". QJM: An International Journal of Medicine. 1976. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.qjmed.a067465. ISSN 1460-2393.
  2. Loser, H; Majewski, F (1977). "Type and frequency of cardiac defects in embryofetal alcohol syndrome. Report of 16 cases". Heart. 39 (12): 1374–1379. doi:10.1136/hrt.39.12.1374. ISSN 1355-6037.
  3. S. S. Kothari (1992). "Mechanism of cyanotic spells in tetralogy of Fallot--the missing link?". International journal of cardiology. 37 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1016/0167-5273(92)90125-m. PMID 1428277. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. Linde, Leonard M.; Dunn, Olive Jean; Schireson, Ruth; Rasof, Beatrice (1967). "Growth in children with congenital heart disease". The Journal of Pediatrics. 70 (3): 413–419. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(67)80139-2. ISSN 0022-3476.

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