Otitis externa laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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***Results indicative of ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]'' or ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' include [[DNA]] samples from either pathogen.<ref name="pmid1629319">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brakstad OG, Aasbakk K, Maeland JA |title=Detection of Staphylococcus aureus by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the nuc gene |journal=J. Clin. Microbiol. |volume=30 |issue=7 |pages=1654–60 |year=1992 |pmid=1629319 |pmc=265359 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ***Results indicative of ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]'' or ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' include [[DNA]] samples from either pathogen.<ref name="pmid1629319">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brakstad OG, Aasbakk K, Maeland JA |title=Detection of Staphylococcus aureus by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the nuc gene |journal=J. Clin. Microbiol. |volume=30 |issue=7 |pages=1654–60 |year=1992 |pmid=1629319 |pmc=265359 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Fungal=== | |||
*Otitis externa from a suspected [[fungal]] infection will be determined by the following tests: | |||
**Swab of the [[ear canal]] to determine if the infection is caused by ''[[Aspergillus niger]]'',''[[Aspergillus fumigatus]]'', or ''[[Candida albicans]]''.<ref name="pmid10969470">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaur R, Mittal N, Kakkar M, Aggarwal AK, Mathur MD |title=Otomycosis: a clinicomycologic study |journal=Ear Nose Throat J |volume=79 |issue=8 |pages=606–9 |year=2000 |pmid=10969470 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
**A fungal culture will be collected to cultivate spores for observation, determining the specific pathogenic fungus. | |||
**[[Immunofluorescent]] microscopy may reveal the following results:<ref name="urlAspergillus Otomycosis | Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website">{{cite web |url=http://www.aspergillus.org.uk/content/aspergillus-otomycosis |title=Aspergillus Otomycosis | Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
***Fungal [[hyphae]] | |||
***Arthrospores | |||
***[[Arthroconidia]] | |||
**[[Polymerase chain reaction|Real-time polymerase chain reaction]] to detect and determine the exact [[fungal]] pathogen.<ref name="pmid9574670">{{cite journal |vauthors=Van Burik JA, Myerson D, Schreckhise RW, Bowden RA |title=Panfungal PCR assay for detection of fungal infection in human blood specimens |journal=J. Clin. Microbiol. |volume=36 |issue=5 |pages=1169–75 |year=1998 |pmid=9574670 |pmc=104793 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
***Results indicative of ''[[Aspergillus niger]]'' or ''[[Candida albicans]]'' include [[DNA]] samples from either pathogen. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 20:09, 19 May 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.
Overview
Laboratory Findings
Laboratory findings will vary based on the suspected source of otitis externa.
Bacterial
- Otitis externa from a suspected bacterial infection will be determined by the following tests:
- Swab of the ear canal to determine if the infection is caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus.[1]
- This test will be performed in the event that the symptoms do not resolve with the treatment and the otitis externa becomes recurrent.
- Gram stain test: If the cause is determined to be bacterial, the gram-stain test will determine whether the cause is Psuedomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus:[2]
- Results are purple: indicates that the culture is gram-positive and is indicative of Staphylococcus aureus.
- Results that are red: indicates that the culture is gram-negative and is indicative of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect and determine the exact bacterial pathogen.[3]
- Results indicative of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus include DNA samples from either pathogen.[4]
- Swab of the ear canal to determine if the infection is caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus.[1]
Fungal
- Otitis externa from a suspected fungal infection will be determined by the following tests:
- Swab of the ear canal to determine if the infection is caused by Aspergillus niger,Aspergillus fumigatus, or Candida albicans.[5]
- A fungal culture will be collected to cultivate spores for observation, determining the specific pathogenic fungus.
- Immunofluorescent microscopy may reveal the following results:[6]
- Fungal hyphae
- Arthrospores
- Arthroconidia
- Real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect and determine the exact fungal pathogen.[7]
- Results indicative of Aspergillus niger or Candida albicans include DNA samples from either pathogen.
References
- ↑ Llor, C.; McNulty, C. A. M.; Butler, C. C. (2014). "Ordering and interpreting ear swabs in otitis externa". BMJ. 349 (sep01 2): g5259–g5259. doi:10.1136/bmj.g5259. ISSN 1756-1833.
- ↑ Beveridge TJ (2001). "Use of the gram stain in microbiology". Biotech Histochem. 76 (3): 111–8. PMID 11475313.
- ↑ Khan AA, Cerniglia CE (1994). "Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical and environmental samples by amplification of the exotoxin A gene using PCR". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60 (10): 3739–45. PMC 201881. PMID 7986047.
- ↑ Brakstad OG, Aasbakk K, Maeland JA (1992). "Detection of Staphylococcus aureus by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the nuc gene". J. Clin. Microbiol. 30 (7): 1654–60. PMC 265359. PMID 1629319.
- ↑ Kaur R, Mittal N, Kakkar M, Aggarwal AK, Mathur MD (2000). "Otomycosis: a clinicomycologic study". Ear Nose Throat J. 79 (8): 606–9. PMID 10969470.
- ↑ "Aspergillus Otomycosis | Aspergillus & Aspergillosis Website".
- ↑ Van Burik JA, Myerson D, Schreckhise RW, Bowden RA (1998). "Panfungal PCR assay for detection of fungal infection in human blood specimens". J. Clin. Microbiol. 36 (5): 1169–75. PMC 104793. PMID 9574670.