Neck masses differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign/Malignant
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
! colspan="8" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Clinical manifestation
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Malignant
! colspan="9" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Clinical manifestation
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Paraclinical findings
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Paraclinical findings
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
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! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Symptoms
! colspan="2" |Symptoms
! colspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
! colspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Signs
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
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! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
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! rowspan="10" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Congenital
! rowspan="10" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Congenital
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Branchial cleft cyst
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Branchial cleft cyst<ref name="Nahata20162">{{cite journal|last1=Nahata|first1=Vaishali|title=Branchial cleft cyst|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology|volume=61|issue=6|year=2016|pages=701|issn=0019-5154|doi=10.4103/0019-5154.193718}}</ref>
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*[[Benign]]
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*[[Age]]: 1-15 yrs/ varies
*Familial occurence is noted
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*[[Lateral]] [[neck]] [[Mass (medicine)|mass]]
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*Solitary
*Smooth
*Mobile
*Welldefined
*Non-pulsatile
*Fluctuant
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*A pit is found at the opening of the [[cyst]]
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*[[Squamous]] or [[ciliated]] [[epithelial]] lining
*[[Lymphoid tissue]] with [[germinal centers]] and subcapsular sinuses
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*[[CT]]: Well defined fluid [[attenuation]] with slight enhancement of the [[capsule]]
*[[Ultrasound]]: Typical features of a [[cyst]] are seen
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*Brachio-oto-renal syndrome
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*[[Sinus]]
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*[[Fistula]]
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! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Thyroglossal duct cyst
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Thyroglossal duct cyst<ref name="pmid30085599">{{cite journal |vauthors=Amos J, Shermetaro C |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30085599 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19718389">{{cite journal |vauthors=Deaver MJ, Silman EF, Lotfipour S |title=Infected thyroglossal duct cyst |journal=West J Emerg Med |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=205 |date=August 2009 |pmid=19718389 |pmc=2729228 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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*[[Benign]]
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*[[Age]]: 1-10 yrs/ varies
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*Midline [[neck]] [[Mass (medicine)|mass]]
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*Mobile
*Moves upwards with [[tongue]] protrusion and [[swallowing]]
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*[[Squamous epithelium|Squamous]] or ciliated [[pseudostratified columnar]] lining
*Foci of [[thyroid gland]] tissue
*[[Granulation tissue]] or [[giant cells]] if it gets infected
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*[[Ultrasound]]:  Anechoic, thin walls, and [[heterogeneous]] with internal septae
*[[CT]] with contrast: Well circumscribed,[[homogeneous]] fluid [[attenuation]], thin enhancing rim
*[[MRI]]: T1- dark, T2-bright images
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! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Hemangioma
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Haemangioma<ref name="Léauté-LabrèzePrey2011">{{cite journal|last1=Léauté-Labrèze|first1=C.|last2=Prey|first2=S.|last3=Ezzedine|first3=K.|title=Infantile haemangioma: Part I. Pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical features, life cycle and associated structural abnormalities|journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology|volume=25|issue=11|year=2011|pages=1245–1253|issn=09269959|doi=10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04102.x}}</ref>
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*[[Benign]]
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*[[Age]]: birth - 2 yrs
*[[Females]]>[[males]]
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*Presents with a  flat red or purple patch
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*Firm
*Rubbery
*Well-demarcated
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*[[Blanching]]
*[[Telangiectasias]]
*[[Erythematous]] patch
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Regress gradually with age
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*GLUT-1
*[[VEGF]]
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*Lined by non atypical [[endothelial cells]]
*Vascular structures with [[RBC]]
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*[[Ultrasound]]: High flow with vascular channels
*[[MRI]]: With or without Gd is the modality of choice
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*[[POEMS syndrome|POEMS]] and [[Castleman's disease]]
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! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Vascular malformations
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Vascular malformations<ref name="pmid25045330">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cox JA, Bartlett E, Lee EI |title=Vascular malformations: a review |journal=Semin Plast Surg |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=58–63 |date=May 2014 |pmid=25045330 |pmc=4078214 |doi=10.1055/s-0034-1376263 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28123976">{{cite journal |vauthors=Behravesh S, Yakes W, Gupta N, Naidu S, Chong BW, Khademhosseini A, Oklu R |title=Venous malformations: clinical diagnosis and treatment |journal=Cardiovasc Diagn Ther |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=557–569 |date=December 2016 |pmid=28123976 |pmc=5220204 |doi=10.21037/cdt.2016.11.10 |url=}}</ref>
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*[[Benign]]
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*[[Incidence]]: 1 in 2000 to 5000 births
*Sex: No predilection
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*[[Venous]]: Present with a bluish [[swelling]]
*AV malformations: Present with purple/red [[swelling]]
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*Soft
*Compressible
*Non-tender
*Venous: No thrill,↑ in size on [[valsalva]]
*AV malformations: [[Thrill]], warm, [[Pulsatile Flow|pulsatile]]
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*Grow proportionally with age
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*↑ [[D-dimer level]] in venous malfomations
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*Lined by single [[endothelial]] layer
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*[[Doppler ultrasound]]: Venous malformations show slow flow, hypoechoic, AV malformations show high flow
*[[MRI]] with Gd: Diffuse enhancement
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*MRI
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! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Lymphatic malformations
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Lymphatic malformations<ref name="pmid250453302">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cox JA, Bartlett E, Lee EI |title=Vascular malformations: a review |journal=Semin Plast Surg |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=58–63 |date=May 2014 |pmid=25045330 |pmc=4078214 |doi=10.1055/s-0034-1376263 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23997487">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guruprasad Y, Chauhan DS |title=Cervical cystic hygroma |journal=J Maxillofac Oral Surg |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=333–6 |date=September 2012 |pmid=23997487 |pmc=3428451 |doi=10.1007/s12663-010-0149-x |url=}}</ref>
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*[[Benign]]
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*[[Age]]: Birth - 5yrs
*Sex: No predilection
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*Presents with a large [[swelling]] mainly in the [[neck]]
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*Soft
*Non-compressible
*Non-pulsatile
*Fluctuant
*[[Transillumination]]+
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*Never regress, expand/contract based on [[inflammation]]
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*Dilated [[lymphatic]] channels lined by [[endothelial cells]]
*Positive D2-40 stain
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*[[Ultrasound]]: Hypo/anechoic with thick septa and fluid
*[[CT-scans|CT]]: [[Homogeneous]] and cystic mass
*[[MRI]]: Hyperintense on T2 & peripheral wall enhancement on T1
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*[[Down syndrome]], [[turner syndrome]]
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! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Laryngocele
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Laryngocele<ref name="pmid23881550">{{cite journal |vauthors=Werner RL, Schroeder JW, Castle JT |title=Bilateral laryngoceles |journal=Head Neck Pathol |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=110–3 |date=March 2014 |pmid=23881550 |pmc=3950389 |doi=10.1007/s12105-013-0478-4 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23120570">{{cite journal |vauthors=Prasad KC, Vijayalakshmi S, Prasad SC |title=Laryngoceles - presentations and management |journal=Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=303–8 |date=December 2008 |pmid=23120570 |pmc=3476818 |doi=10.1007/s12070-008-0108-8 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28819622">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mahdoufi R, Barhmi I, Tazi N, Abada R, Roubal M, Mahtar M |title=Mixed Pyolaryngocele: A Rare Case of Deep Neck Infection |journal=Iran J Otorhinolaryngol |volume=29 |issue=93 |pages=225–228 |date=July 2017 |pmid=28819622 |pmc=5554815 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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*[[Benign]]
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*More common in adults
*[[Male]]: [[female]] = 5:1
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*Presents with a neck [[swelling]], [[hoarseness]], [[stridor]] and [[globus sensation]]
*Episodic in nature
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*Soft
*Reducible
*Increase in size on [[valsalva]]
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*Common in glass blowers, trumpet players
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*Lined by [[Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium|pseudostratified]] [[ciliated]] [[epithelium]]
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*[[X-ray]], [[CT]]: [[Fluid]] and [[air]] containing [[cystic]] masses
*[[CT]] is the preferred one
*Direct [[laryngoscopy]]
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*[[CT scan]] is the gold standard [[imaging]] for [[diagnosis]]
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! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Ranula
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Ranula<ref name="pmid29207849">{{cite journal |vauthors=Packiri S, Gurunathan D, Selvarasu K |title=Management of Paediatric Oral Ranula: A Systematic Review |journal=J Clin Diagn Res |volume=11 |issue=9 |pages=ZE06–ZE09 |date=September 2017 |pmid=29207849 |pmc=5713871 |doi=10.7860/JCDR/2017/28498.10622 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28194490">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kokong D, Iduh A, Chukwu I, Mugu J, Nuhu S, Augustine S |title=Ranula: Current Concept of Pathophysiologic Basis and Surgical Management Options |journal=World J Surg |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=1476–1481 |date=June 2017 |pmid=28194490 |pmc=5422487 |doi=10.1007/s00268-017-3901-2 |url=}}</ref>
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*[[Benign]]
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*[[Age]]: 1st and 2nd decade
*[[Female]]: [[male]]=1:1.4
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*Presents with a blue colored [[swelling]] in the floor of the [[Mouth (human)|mouth]]
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*Well circumscribed
*Fluctuant
*Soft
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |H&E: Shows [[mucin]] surrounded by inflammatory cells & [[fibrosis]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[CT-scans|CT]]: Shows cystic mass with tail sign
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Teratoma
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Teratoma<ref name="pmid22942597">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chauhan DS, Guruprasad Y, Inderchand S |title=Congenital nasopharyngeal teratoma with a cleft palate: case report and a 7 year follow up |journal=J Maxillofac Oral Surg |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=253–6 |date=September 2011 |pmid=22942597 |pmc=3238564 |doi=10.1007/s12663-010-0140-6 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22814615">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bahgat M, Bahgat Y, Bahgat A |title=Oropharyngeal teratoma, a rare cause of airway obstruction in neonates |journal=BMJ Case Rep |volume=2012 |issue= |pages= |date=July 2012 |pmid=22814615 |pmc=4543570 |doi=10.1136/bcr-2012-006580 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Benign]]/[[malignant]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Incidence]]: 1:4000 births
*Sex: No predilection
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Presents as a firm [[lateral]] [[neck]] [[mass]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Firm
*Non-tender
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*High [[ALP]] levels
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Shows ecto, meso and endodermal tissues
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[CT-scans|CT]] & [[MRI]]: Shows [[calcification]]<nowiki/>s
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Dermoid cyst
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Dermoid cyst<ref name="ParadisKoltai2015">{{cite journal|last1=Paradis|first1=Josée|last2=Koltai|first2=Peter J.|title=Pediatric Teratoma and Dermoid Cysts|journal=Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America|volume=48|issue=1|year=2015|pages=121–136|issn=00306665|doi=10.1016/j.otc.2014.09.009}}</ref><ref name="pmid24629659">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gaddikeri S, Vattoth S, Gaddikeri RS, Stuart R, Harrison K, Young D, Bhargava P |title=Congenital cystic neck masses: embryology and imaging appearances, with clinicopathological correlation |journal=Curr Probl Diagn Radiol |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=55–67 |date=2014 |pmid=24629659 |doi=10.1067/j.cpradiol.2013.12.001 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Incidence]]: 3 per 10000 population
*[[Age]]: birth - 5 yrs
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Presents as a slow growing [[mass]] or a [[sinus]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Freely mobile
*Solitary
*Rubbery
*Nonpulsatile
*Noncompressible
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Usually normal/sometimes a pit or [[sinus]] is seen
*A tuft of [[hair]] at the center of the pit for [[nasal]] [[Dermoid cyst|dermoid]] [[cyst]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Keratinizing [[squamous epithelium]]
*Occasional remnants of [[hair follicles]], [[adipose tissue]], and [[sweat glands]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Ultrasound]]: Thin walled, unilocular
*[[CT-scans|CT]]: With contrast well circumscribed, unilocular, sac-of-marbles appearance due to fatty tissue
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Thymic cyst
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Thymic cyst<ref name="GaddikeriVattoth2014">{{cite journal|last1=Gaddikeri|first1=Santhosh|last2=Vattoth|first2=Surjith|last3=Gaddikeri|first3=Ramya S.|last4=Stuart|first4=Royal|last5=Harrison|first5=Keith|last6=Young|first6=Daniel|last7=Bhargava|first7=Puneet|title=Congenital Cystic Neck Masses: Embryology and Imaging Appearances, With Clinicopathological Correlation|journal=Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology|volume=43|issue=2|year=2014|pages=55–67|issn=03630188|doi=10.1067/j.cpradiol.2013.12.001}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Age]]: 1-10 yrs
*[[Males]]>[[Females]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Presents as a soft [[mass]], gradually enlarging, on left side of the [[neck]](usual)
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*Soft
*Compressible
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Squamous epithelium|Squamou]]<nowiki/>s/[[cuboidal epithelium]]
*[[Lymphoid tissue]] in the [[cyst]] wall contains hassall corpuscles
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
*[[Ultrasound|Ultrasoun]]<nowiki/>d: Unilocular [[cystic]] [[mass]]
*[[CT-scans|CT]]: Uni/multilocular, well circumscribed and nonenhancing
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Malignant
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
Line 247: Line 395:
| rowspan="21" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inflammatory
| rowspan="21" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inflammatory
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Acute sialadenitis
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Acute sialadenitis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 266: Line 411:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Chronic sialadenitis
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Chronic sialadenitis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 286: Line 428:
! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Reactive viral lymphadenopathy
! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Reactive viral lymphadenopathy
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |CMV
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |CMV
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 305: Line 444:
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |EBV
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |EBV
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 324: Line 460:
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|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |HIV
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |HIV
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 343: Line 476:
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Viral URI
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Viral URI
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 363: Line 493:
! rowspan="6" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Bacterial lymphadenopathy
! rowspan="6" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Bacterial lymphadenopathy
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Tularemia
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Tularemia
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 382: Line 509:
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Brucellosis
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Brucellosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 401: Line 525:
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Cat-scratch disease
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Cat-scratch disease
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
:* ''Bartonella henselae'' infection
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 421: Line 541:
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|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Actinomycosis  
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Actinomycosis  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 440: Line 557:
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|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Mycobacterial infections  
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Mycobacterial infections  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 459: Line 573:
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|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Staphylococcal or streptococcal infection
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Staphylococcal or streptococcal infection
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 479: Line 590:
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Parasitic lymphadenopathy
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Parasitic lymphadenopathy
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Toxoplasma gondii
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Toxoplasma gondii
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 498: Line 606:
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|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Sarcoidosis
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Sarcoidosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 517: Line 622:
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|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Amyloidosis
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Amyloidosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 536: Line 638:
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|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Sjögren syndrome
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Sjögren syndrome
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 555: Line 654:
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|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Castleman disease (angiofollicular lymphoproliferative disease)
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Castleman disease (angiofollicular lymphoproliferative disease)
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 574: Line 670:
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|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Kikuchi disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis)
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Kikuchi disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis)
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 593: Line 686:
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|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Kimura disease
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Kimura disease
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 612: Line 702:
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! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Rosai-Dorfman disease
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Rosai-Dorfman disease
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 631: Line 718:
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|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Kawasaki disease
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Kawasaki disease
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 651: Line 735:
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Malignant
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
Line 671: Line 752:
! rowspan="20" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Neoplasm
! rowspan="20" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Neoplasm
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Primary thyroid tumor
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Primary thyroid tumor
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 691: Line 769:
! rowspan="10" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Salivary gland neoplasm
! rowspan="10" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Salivary gland neoplasm
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Pleomorphic adenoma
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Pleomorphic adenoma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 710: Line 785:
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Warthin's tumor
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Warthin's tumor
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 729: Line 801:
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Lymphoepithelioma
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Lymphoepithelioma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 748: Line 817:
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Oncocytoma
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Oncocytoma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 767: Line 833:
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Monomorphic adenoma
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Monomorphic adenoma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 786: Line 849:
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 805: Line 865:
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Adenoid cystic carcinoma
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Adenoid cystic carcinoma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 824: Line 881:
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Adenocarcinoma
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Adenocarcinoma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 843: Line 897:
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Salivary duct carcinoma
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Salivary duct carcinoma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 862: Line 913:
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Squamous cell carcinoma
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Squamous cell carcinoma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 881: Line 929:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Parathyroid tumors
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Parathyroid tumors
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 900: Line 945:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Carotid body tumors
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Carotid body tumors
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 919: Line 961:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Paraganglioma
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Paraganglioma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 938: Line 977:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Schwannoma
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Schwannoma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 957: Line 993:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Lymphoma
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Lymphoma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 976: Line 1,009:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Liposarcoma
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Liposarcoma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 995: Line 1,025:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Lipoma  
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Lipoma  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 1,014: Line 1,041:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Glomus vagale, glomus jugulare tumors
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Glomus vagale, glomus jugulare tumors
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 1,033: Line 1,057:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Metastatic head and neck carcinoma
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Metastatic head and neck carcinoma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 1,053: Line 1,074:
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other
! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Hematoma
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Hematoma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 1,072: Line 1,090:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Arteriovenous fistula
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Arteriovenous fistula
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 1,091: Line 1,106:
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Goiter
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Goiter
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Line 1,111: Line 1,123:
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Etiology
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Malignant
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia

Revision as of 14:42, 12 February 2019

Neck masses Microchapters

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Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Neck Masses from other Conditions

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

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MRI

Ultrasound

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Differentiating neck masses from other Diseases

Differential diagnosis of neck masses include:

Category Diseases Benign/Malignant Clinical manifestation Paraclinical findings Gold standard diagnosis Associated findings
Demography History Symptoms Signs Lab findings Histopathology Imaging
Pain Dysphagia Mass exam Skin changes LAP Others
Congenital Branchial cleft cyst[1]
  • Age: 1-15 yrs/ varies
  • Familial occurence is noted
- +/-
  • Solitary
  • Smooth
  • Mobile
  • Welldefined
  • Non-pulsatile
  • Fluctuant
  • A pit is found at the opening of the cyst
- - -
Thyroglossal duct cyst[2][3]
  • Age: 1-10 yrs/ varies
- -
  • Mobile
- - - - -
Haemangioma[4]
  • Age: birth - 2 yrs
  • Presents with a flat red or purple patch
- -
  • Firm
  • Rubbery
  • Well-demarcated
- Regress gradually with age
  • GLUT-1
  • Vascular structures with RBC
  • MRI: With or without Gd is the modality of choice
Vascular malformations[5][6]
  • Sex: No predilection
  • AV malformations: Present with purple/red swelling
-/+ -
  • Soft
  • Compressible
  • Non-tender
  • Venous: No thrill,↑ in size on valsalva
- -
  • Grow proportionally with age
  • Doppler ultrasound: Venous malformations show slow flow, hypoechoic, AV malformations show high flow
  • MRI with Gd: Diffuse enhancement
  • MRI
-
Lymphatic malformations[7][8]
  • Age: Birth - 5yrs
  • Sex: No predilection
- +
  • Soft
  • Non-compressible
  • Non-pulsatile
  • Fluctuant
- - -
  • Positive D2-40 stain
  • Ultrasound: Hypo/anechoic with thick septa and fluid
  • CT: Homogeneous and cystic mass
  • MRI: Hyperintense on T2 & peripheral wall enhancement on T1
Laryngocele[9][10][11]
  • More common in adults
  • Episodic in nature
- +
  • Soft
  • Reducible
- -
  • Common in glass blowers, trumpet players
- -
Ranula[12][13]
  • Age: 1st and 2nd decade
- -
  • Well circumscribed
  • Fluctuant
  • Soft
- - - - H&E: Shows mucin surrounded by inflammatory cells & fibrosis CT: Shows cystic mass with tail sign -
Teratoma[14][15]
  • Sex: No predilection
- -
  • Firm
  • Non-tender
- - -
  • High ALP levels
  • Shows ecto, meso and endodermal tissues
Dermoid cyst[16][17]
  • Age: birth - 5 yrs
- -
  • Freely mobile
  • Solitary
  • Rubbery
  • Nonpulsatile
  • Noncompressible
  • Usually normal/sometimes a pit or sinus is seen
- - -
  • CT: With contrast well circumscribed, unilocular, sac-of-marbles appearance due to fatty tissue
Thymic cyst[18]
  • Presents as a soft mass, gradually enlarging, on left side of the neck(usual)
- -
  • Soft
  • Compressible
- - - -
  • CT: Uni/multilocular, well circumscribed and nonenhancing
Category Diseases Benign Demography History Pain Dysphagia Mass exam Skin changes LAP Others Lab findings Histopathology Imaging Gold standard diagnosis Associated findings
Inflammatory Acute sialadenitis
Chronic sialadenitis
Reactive viral lymphadenopathy CMV
EBV
HIV
Viral URI
Bacterial lymphadenopathy Tularemia
Brucellosis
Cat-scratch disease
Actinomycosis
Mycobacterial infections
Staphylococcal or streptococcal infection
Parasitic lymphadenopathy Toxoplasma gondii
Sarcoidosis
Amyloidosis
Sjögren syndrome
Castleman disease (angiofollicular lymphoproliferative disease)
Kikuchi disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis)
Kimura disease
Rosai-Dorfman disease
Kawasaki disease
Category Diseases Benign Demography History Pain Dysphagia Mass exam Skin changes LAP Others Lab findings Histopathology Imaging Gold standard diagnosis Associated findings
Neoplasm Primary thyroid tumor
Salivary gland neoplasm Pleomorphic adenoma +
Warthin's tumor +
Lymphoepithelioma +
Oncocytoma
Monomorphic adenoma
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Salivary duct carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Parathyroid tumors
Carotid body tumors
Paraganglioma
Schwannoma
Lymphoma
Liposarcoma
Lipoma
Glomus vagale, glomus jugulare tumors
Metastatic head and neck carcinoma
Other Hematoma
Arteriovenous fistula
Goiter
Category Diseases Benign Demography History Pain Dysphagia Mass exam Skin changes LAP Others Lab findings Histopathology Imaging Gold standard diagnosis Associated findings

References

  1. Nahata, Vaishali (2016). "Branchial cleft cyst". Indian Journal of Dermatology. 61 (6): 701. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.193718. ISSN 0019-5154.
  2. Amos J, Shermetaro C. PMID 30085599. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. Deaver MJ, Silman EF, Lotfipour S (August 2009). "Infected thyroglossal duct cyst". West J Emerg Med. 10 (3): 205. PMC 2729228. PMID 19718389.
  4. Léauté-Labrèze, C.; Prey, S.; Ezzedine, K. (2011). "Infantile haemangioma: Part I. Pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical features, life cycle and associated structural abnormalities". Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 25 (11): 1245–1253. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04102.x. ISSN 0926-9959.
  5. Cox JA, Bartlett E, Lee EI (May 2014). "Vascular malformations: a review". Semin Plast Surg. 28 (2): 58–63. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1376263. PMC 4078214. PMID 25045330.
  6. Behravesh S, Yakes W, Gupta N, Naidu S, Chong BW, Khademhosseini A, Oklu R (December 2016). "Venous malformations: clinical diagnosis and treatment". Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 6 (6): 557–569. doi:10.21037/cdt.2016.11.10. PMC 5220204. PMID 28123976.
  7. Cox JA, Bartlett E, Lee EI (May 2014). "Vascular malformations: a review". Semin Plast Surg. 28 (2): 58–63. doi:10.1055/s-0034-1376263. PMC 4078214. PMID 25045330.
  8. Guruprasad Y, Chauhan DS (September 2012). "Cervical cystic hygroma". J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 11 (3): 333–6. doi:10.1007/s12663-010-0149-x. PMC 3428451. PMID 23997487.
  9. Werner RL, Schroeder JW, Castle JT (March 2014). "Bilateral laryngoceles". Head Neck Pathol. 8 (1): 110–3. doi:10.1007/s12105-013-0478-4. PMC 3950389. PMID 23881550.
  10. Prasad KC, Vijayalakshmi S, Prasad SC (December 2008). "Laryngoceles - presentations and management". Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 60 (4): 303–8. doi:10.1007/s12070-008-0108-8. PMC 3476818. PMID 23120570.
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