Lymphadenopathy classification: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
 
(One intermediate revision by one other user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Lymphadenopathy}}
{{Lymphadenopathy}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{ADS}}, {{RT}}{{DYM}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{ADS}}, {{RT}}{{DYM}} [[Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD]]
==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Lymphadenopathy]] may be classified according to distribution into 2 groups localized [[lymphadenopathy]] and generalized lymphadenopathy.
[[Lymphadenopathy]] may be classified according to distribution into 2 groups localized [[lymphadenopathy]] and generalized lymphadenopathy.
Line 16: Line 16:
[[Lymphadenopathy]] may be classified as follows:
[[Lymphadenopathy]] may be classified as follows:


*'''By location''':
*'''Location''':
**[[Tracheobronchial]] [[lymph nodes]].
**[[Tracheobronchial]] [[lymph nodes]].
**[[Mediastinal]] [[lymphadenopathy]]
**[[Mediastinal]] [[lymphadenopathy]]
**Bilateral [[hilar]] [[lymphadenopathy]]
**Bilateral [[hilar]] [[lymphadenopathy]]
*'''[[Dermatopathic]] [[lymphadenopathy]]''': [[lymphadenopathy]] associated with skin disease.
*'''[[Dermatopathic]] [[lymphadenopathy]]''': [[lymphadenopathy]] associated with skin disease.
*'''By [[malignancy]]''': [[Benign]] [[lymphadenopathy]] is distinguished from malignant types which mainly refer to [[lymphomas]] or lymph node [[metastasis]].
*'''[[Malignancy]]''': [[Benign]] [[lymphadenopathy]] is distinguished from malignant types which mainly refer to [[lymphomas]] or lymph node [[metastasis]].


*'''By extent''':
*'''Extent''':
** [[Localized lymphadenopathy]]: due to localized spot of [[infection]]
** [[Localized lymphadenopathy]]: due to localized spot of [[infection]]
** [[Generalized]] [[lymphadenopathy]]: due to systemic infection of the body. In some cases, it may persist for prolonged periods possibly without an apparent cause
** [[Generalized]] [[lymphadenopathy]]: due to systemic infection of the body. In some cases, it may persist for prolonged periods possibly without an apparent cause


*'''By size''', where [[lymphadenopathy]] in adults is often defined as a short axis of one or more [[lymph nodes]] is greater than 10mm.<ref name="pmid20080453">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ganeshalingam S, Koh DM |title=Nodal staging |journal=Cancer Imaging |volume=9 |issue= |pages=104–11 |date=December 2009 |pmid=20080453 |pmc=2821588 |doi=10.1102/1470-7330.2009.0017 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17724531">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmidt AF, Rodrigues OR, Matheus RS, Kim Jdu U, Jatene FB |title=Mediastinal lymph node distribution, size and number: definitions based on an anatomical study |journal=J Bras Pneumol |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=134–40 |date=2007 |pmid=17724531 |doi=10.1590/s1806-37132007000200006 |url=}}</ref>
*'''Size''', where [[lymphadenopathy]] in adults is often defined as a short axis of one or more [[lymph nodes]] is greater than 10mm.<ref name="pmid20080453">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ganeshalingam S, Koh DM |title=Nodal staging |journal=Cancer Imaging |volume=9 |issue= |pages=104–11 |date=December 2009 |pmid=20080453 |pmc=2821588 |doi=10.1102/1470-7330.2009.0017 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17724531">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmidt AF, Rodrigues OR, Matheus RS, Kim Jdu U, Jatene FB |title=Mediastinal lymph node distribution, size and number: definitions based on an anatomical study |journal=J Bras Pneumol |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=134–40 |date=2007 |pmid=17724531 |doi=10.1590/s1806-37132007000200006 |url=}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|+cutoff (value)|Upper limit of [[lymph node]] sizes in adults
|+cutoff (value)|Upper limit of [[lymph node]] sizes in adults

Latest revision as of 05:12, 9 December 2021

Lymphadenopathy Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Lymphadenopathy from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

CT scan

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Lymphadenopathy classification On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Lymphadenopathy classification

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Lymphadenopathy classification

CDC on Lymphadenopathy classification

Lymphadenopathy classification in the news

Blogs on Lymphadenopathy classification

Directions to Hospitals Treating Lymphadenopathy

Risk calculators and risk factors for Lymphadenopathy classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amandeep Singh M.D.[2], Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]Delband Yekta Moazami, M.D.[4] Ogechukwu Hannah Nnabude, MD

Overview

Lymphadenopathy may be classified according to distribution into 2 groups localized lymphadenopathy and generalized lymphadenopathy.

Classification

Depending upon the involvement of the lymph nodes, lymphadenopathy is classified into 2 groups, generalized and localized:[1]

  • Localized lymphadenopathy: localized adenopathy occurs in contiguous groupings of lymph nodes. In discrete anatomical regions, lymph nodes are distributed, and their enlargement represents their location's lymphatic drainage. Tender or non-tender, fixed or mobile, and discreet or "matted" together can be the nodes themselves. 75 percent of all lymphadenopathies are localized, with over 50% seen in the region of the head and neck.

Lymphadenopathy may be classified as follows:

Upper limit of lymph node sizes in adults
Generally 10 mm[4][5]
Inguinal 10[6] – 20 mm[7]
Pelvis 10 mm for ovoid lymph nodes, 8 mm for rounded[6]
Neck
Generally (non-retropharyngeal) 10 mm[6][8]
Jugulodigastric lymph nodes 11mm[6] or 15 mm[8]
Retropharyngeal 8 mm[8]
Mediastinum
Mediastinum, generally 10 mm[6]
Superior mediastinum and high paratracheal 7mm[9]
Low paratracheal and subcarinal 11 mm[9]
Upper abdominal
Retrocrural space 6 mm[10]
Paracardiac 8 mm[10]
Gastrohepatic ligament 8 mm[10]
Upper paraaortic region 9 mm[10]
Portacaval space 10 mm[10]
Porta hepatis 7 mm[10]
Lower paraaortic region 11 mm[10]

References

  1. Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A (2014). "Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools". Iran J Med Sci. 39 (2 Suppl): 158–70. PMC 3993046. PMID 24753638.
  2. Ganeshalingam S, Koh DM (December 2009). "Nodal staging". Cancer Imaging. 9: 104–11. doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2009.0017. PMC 2821588. PMID 20080453.
  3. Schmidt AF, Rodrigues OR, Matheus RS, Kim Jdu U, Jatene FB (2007). "Mediastinal lymph node distribution, size and number: definitions based on an anatomical study". J Bras Pneumol. 33 (2): 134–40. doi:10.1590/s1806-37132007000200006. PMID 17724531.
  4. Ganeshalingam, Skandadas; Koh, Dow-Mu (2009). "Nodal staging". Cancer Imaging. 9 (1): 104–111. doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2009.0017. ISSN 1470-7330. PMC 2821588. PMID 20080453.
  5. Schmidt Júnior, Aurelino Fernandes; Rodrigues, Olavo Ribeiro; Matheus, Roberto Storte; Kim, Jorge Du Ub; Jatene, Fábio Biscegli (2007). "Distribuição, tamanho e número dos linfonodos mediastinais: definições por meio de estudo anatômico". Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia. 33 (2): 134–140. doi:10.1590/S1806-37132007000200006. ISSN 1806-3713. PMID 17724531.
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Torabi M, Aquino SL, Harisinghani MG (September 2004). "Current concepts in lymph node imaging". Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 45 (9): 1509–18. PMID 15347718.
  7. "Assessment of lymphadenopathy". BMJ Best Practice. Retrieved 2017-03-04. Last updated: Last updated: Feb 16, 2017
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Page 432 in: Luca Saba (2016). Image Principles, Neck, and the Brain. CRC Press. ISBN 9781482216202.
  9. 9.0 9.1 Sharma, Amita; Fidias, Panos; Hayman, L. Anne; Loomis, Susanne L.; Taber, Katherine H.; Aquino, Suzanne L. (2004). "Patterns of Lymphadenopathy in Thoracic Malignancies". RadioGraphics. 24 (2): 419–434. doi:10.1148/rg.242035075. ISSN 0271-5333. PMID 15026591.
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 Dorfman, R E; Alpern, M B; Gross, B H; Sandler, M A (1991). "Upper abdominal lymph nodes: criteria for normal size determined with CT". Radiology. 180 (2): 319–322. doi:10.1148/radiology.180.2.2068292. ISSN 0033-8419. PMID 2068292.

Template:WH Template:WS