Hemoptysis pathophysiology

Hemoptysis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]

Pathophysiology

Physiology

• Lung has two main vascular systems which are:
  • Pulmonary circulation
  • Bronchial vessels

Illustration from Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/, Jun 19, 2013. By OpenStax College - Anatomy & Physiology, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col11496/1.6/, Jun 19, 2013., CC BY 3.0,

This slide shows the arterial and venous blood circulation of the pulmonary system. By Artwork by Holly Fischer - http://open.umich.edu/education/med/resources/second-look-series/materials - Respiratory Tract Slide 20, CC BY 3.0,

Pathogenesis

• Hemoptysis is an important symptom that has different etiologies and pathogenesis mechanisms.
• Blood in the hemoptysis is mostly originated from the pulmonary vasculature. However, it could be from the gastrointestinal system as well.
• Hemoptysis could be happened following infarction and ischemia of pulmonary parenchyma. It is seen in following conditions:
  • Pulmonary emboli
  • Vasculitis including:
    • Wegener's granulomatosis
  • Infections including:
    • Staphylococcus aureus
    • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    • Aspergillus fumigatus
    • The phycomycetes

Genetics

• [Disease name] is transmitted in [mode of genetic transmission] pattern.
• Genes involved in the pathogenesis of [disease name] include [gene1], [gene2], and [gene3].
• The development of [disease name] is the result of multiple genetic mutations.

Gross Pathology

• On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

• On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].