Dyspepsia causes: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 21:29, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2] Ajay Gade MD [3]]

Overview

Life threatening causes of dyspepsia include coronary disease and ischemic bowel disease. Other common causes of dyspepsia include gastroesophageal reflux, gastritis, lactose intolerance, and peptic ulcer.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ system

Cardiovascular	Congestive heart failure, coronary disease, hypercalcaemia
Chemical / poisoning	Aluminium hydroxide, amanita phalloides, smoking, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, iron, potassium
Dermatologic	Herpes simplex
Drug Side Effect	4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone, acarbose, acetylsalicylic acid, achalasia, achillea millefolium, adefovir, alendronate, alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, alvimopan, amitriptyline, amlodipine, amlodipine and Benazepril, ampicillin, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonist, aprotinin, artemether and lumefantrin, asenapine maleate, aspirin, atazanavir, bezafibrate, biguanide, bisphosphonates, buprenorphine, calcium channel blockers, caspofungin acetate, cefadroxil, cefixime, cholestyramine, cholestyramine resin, cidofovir, codeine , colchicine, collinsonia canadensis, colofac, corticosteroids, coptis, daptomycin, diflunisal, digitalis, digoxin, donepezil, dopamine agonist, duloxetine, efavirenz, eflornithine, eletriptan, elvitegravir, emtricitabine, epoetin alfa injection, eribulin, erythromycin, estrogen, ethosuximide, febuxostat, fentanyl skin patches, fesoterodine, fibrates, fluoxetine, fluticasone, fluvastatin, fluvoxamine, frovatriptan, gemfibrozil, glucocorticoids, H2 antagonist, heroin, iberogast, ibuprofen, imatinib, indomethacin, infliximab, interferon beta-1b injection, interferon gamma, ketorolac, lacosamide, levalbuterol, levodopa, lithium, lovaza, macrolides, meloxicam, meropenem, meropenem injection, metformin, methocarbamol, methylprednisolone, methylxanthin, metronidazole , misoprostol, monoamine oxidase-b inhibitors, mosapride, nabilone, nabumetone, nalbuphine, naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium, narcotics, niacin, nicotine polacrilex, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, omeprazole, opioids, oprelvekin, oral contraceptives, orlistat, oxcarbazepine, oxycodone, oxycodone and aspirin, PDE5 inhibitor, pentamidine Isethionate, pergolide, pirfenidone, potassium supplements, pramlintide injection, prednisone, proton pump inhibitor, quazepam, quetiapine, quinidine, rasagiline, rimabotulinumtoxinb, rivastigmine, sertraline, sildenafil, simvastatin, sorafenib, steroid medications,strongyloides, sunitinib, tadalafil, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, tetracycline, thalidomide, theophylline, thyroid medicines, tiotropium Oral inhalation), tobacco, tolmetin, topiramate, travoprost, triamcinolone acetonide valdecoxib, valproic acid, venlafaxine, vigabatrin, vilazodone, vortioxetine, zolmitriptan, zopiclone
Ear Nose Throat	Thyroglossal cyst
Endocrine	Adrenal fatigue, carcinoid syndrome, diabetes mellitus, estrogens, hyperparathyroidism, hyperthyroidism, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, overeating, parathyroid disorders, primary hyperparathyroidism, thyroid disease, thyroglossal cyst
Environmental	Multiple chemical sensitivity
Gastroenterologic	Achlorhydria, aerophagia, acid reflux, acute viral hepatitis, acute pancreatitis, adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, aerophagy, amebic dysentery, ascites, biliary disease, biliary pain, burping, carbohydrate malabsorption, carcinoid syndrome, celiac artery compression syndromee, celiac disease, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, chronic abdominal wall pain, chronic gastritis, chronic hepatitis, chronic intestinal ischemia, chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis of liver, colon cancer,constipation, crohn's disease, delayed gastric emptying, Diarrhea,duodenal cancer, duodenal lymphoma, duodenal polyps, duodenal ulcer, duodenal webs, duodenitis, esophageal carcinoma, esophageal disease, esophageal spasm, esophagitis, functional bowel disorder, gallstones, gastric cancer, gastroenteritis, gastric lymphoma, gastric motility disorder, gastric ulcer, gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastrointestinal neoplasm, gastroparesis,gastrointestinal zygomycosis, giardiasis, helicobacter pylori infection, hepatitis, hepatitis c, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoma, hiatus hernia, hypertrophic gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal motility disorder, intestinal obstruction, irritable bowel syndrome, ischemic bowel disease, lactose intolerance, malabsorption, Ménétriér's disease, non-ulcer dyspepsia, pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, peptic ulcers, Rome process, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, Stomach cancer, Superior mesenteric artery syndrome, tropical sprue, ulcerative colitis, visceroptosis
Genetic	Celiac disease, connective tissue disease, Gulf War syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Hematologic	Chlorosis, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma
Iatrogenic	After gastrointestinal surgery, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, multiple chemical sensitivity, SSRI discontinuation syndrome
Infectious Disease	Acute viral hepatitis, amebic dysentery, chronic gastritis, fascioliasis, gastritis, gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal mucormycosis, giardiasis, H. pylori, Helicobacter pylori infection, hepatitis, hepatitis C, herpes simplex, hookworm, opisthorchiasis, strongyloidiasis, syphilis, trichinosis, tuberculosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Autonomic neuropathy, Gulf War syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic	Bitter melon Brat diet, capsicum annuum, chocolate, cyclooxygenase, eating high-fiber foods, food allergy, food intolerance, garlic, ginger, gluten allergy, high-fat diet, hydrogen potassium atpase, indian gooseberry, lactose intolerance, niacin, obesity, oranges, overeating, radish, s-adenosyl methionine, spicy foods, suillus luteus tomatoes, tropical sprue, vitamin C
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Estrogens, herpes simplex, oral contraceptives, ovarian cancer, pregnancy
Oncologic	Abdominal cancer, Cancer, carcinoid syndrome, colon cancer, duodenal cancer, duodenal lymphoma, esophageal cancer, extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, gastric cancer, gastric lymphoma, gastrointestinal neoplasm, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Alcohol, excess caffeine consumption, hangover, heroin, narcotics, opioids
Psychiatric	Alexithymia, anxiety, Charles Darwin's illness, depression, diabulimia, fasting girls, overeating, stress, trichophagia
Pulmonary	Sarcoidosis, smoking, tuberculosis
Renal / Electrolyte	Chronic renal disease, hypercalcaemia, hyperkalemia, malabsorption, uremia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Gluten allergy, Gulf War syndrome, oral allergy syndrome, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, ulcerative colitis
Sexual	Herpes simplex, syphilis
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Collinsonia canadensis, coptis, couvade, mint, strychnine tree, vinca

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

Template:WH Template:WS

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Dyspepsia}}
-{{CMG}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{KS}} {{Ajay}}
+==Overview==
+Life threatening causes of dyspepsia include [[coronary disease]] and [[ischemic bowel disease]]. Other common causes of dyspepsia include [[gastroesophageal reflux]], [[gastritis]], [[lactose intolerance]], and [[peptic ulcer]].
 ==Causes==
+===Life Threatening Causes===
+*[[Congestive heart failure]]
+*[[Coronary disease]]
 ===Common Causes===
+*[[Aerophagia]]
-*[[Acid reflux]] / [[heartburn]]
+*[[Anxiety]]
+*[[Gastroesophageal reflux]]
-*[[Alcohol]]
+*[[Gastritis]]
+*[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
-*[[Aspirin]] and many other painkillers
+*[[Lactose intolerance]]
+*[[Peptic ulcer]]
-*[[Duodenal ulcer]]
-*[[Eating fatty foods]]
-*[[Eating just before sleeping]]
-*[[Eating spicy foods]]
-*[[Eating too late in the evening]]
-*[[Excess caffeine consumption]]
-*[[Gastric ulcer]]
-*[[Intestinal obstruction]]
-*[[Malabsorption]]
-*[[Obesity]]
-* Drugs like [[terbinafine]]
 ===Causes by Organ system===
-{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
+{|style="width: 80%; height: 100px; text-align: justify; text-justify: distribute;" border="1"
 |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
-|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |[[Congestive heart failure]], [[coronary disease]], [[hypercalcaemia]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone]], [[amanita phalloides]], [[smoking]], [[sodium dichloroisocyanurate]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Aluminium hydroxide]], [[amanita phalloides]], [[smoking]], [[sodium dichloroisocyanurate]], [[ iron]], [[potassium]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Dermatologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Herpes simplex]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Drug Side Effect'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone]], [[adefovir (patient information)]], [[acarbose]], [[Amlodipine and Benazepril]], [[aspirin]] and many other painkillers, [[alendronate]], [[atazanavir (patient information)]], [[calcium channel blockers]], [[caspofungin acetate]], [[cholestyramine (patient information)]], [[cholestyramine resin (patient information)]], [[colofac]], [[duloxetine]], [[eletriptan]], [[erythromycin]], [[efavirenz (patient information)]], [[estrogen]] and [[oral contraceptives]], [[emtricitabine (patient information)]], [[Epoetin Alfa Injection]], [[febuxostat]],  [[fentanyl skin patches (patient information)]], [[fesoterodine]],, [[frovatriptan (patient information)]], [[imatinib (patient information)]], [[interferon Beta-1b Injection (patient information)]], [[levalbuterol]], [[lithium (patient information)]], [[Lovaza]],[[Meloxicam]], [[Methocarbamol]], methylxanthines, [[metronidazole ]], [[meropenem Injection (patient information)]], [[Misoprostol]],  [[nabumetone]], [[Naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium]], [[oxycodone]], [[orlistat]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[potassium]] supplements, [[Pentamidine Isethionate]], [[pergolide (patient information)]], [[pramlintide injection (patient information)]], [[quetiapine (patient information)]], [[rivastigmine (patient information)]], [[simvastatin]], [[steroid medications]], [[tadalafil]], [[Thalidomide]], [[tiotropium Oral Inhalation (patient information)]],  thyroid medicines, [[Topiramate]], [[Travoprost]], [[Triamcinolone acetonide]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone]], [[acarbose]], [[acetylsalicylic acid]], [[achalasia]], [[achillea millefolium]], [[adefovir]], [[alendronate]],   [[alpha-glucosidase inhibitor]], [[alvimopan]], [[amitriptyline]], [[amlodipine]], [[amlodipine and Benazepril]], [[ampicillin]], [[angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors]], [[angiotensin II receptor antagonist]], [[aprotinin]], [[artemether and lumefantrin]], [[asenapine maleate]], [[aspirin]], [[atazanavir]], [[bezafibrate]], [[biguanide]], [[bisphosphonates]], [[buprenorphine]], [[calcium channel blockers]], [[caspofungin acetate]], [[cefadroxil]], [[cefixime]], [[cholestyramine]], [[cholestyramine resin (patient information)|cholestyramine resin]], [[cidofovir]], [[codeine ]], [[colchicine]], [[collinsonia canadensis]], [[colofac]], [[ corticosteroids]], [[coptis]], [[daptomycin]], [[diflunisal]], [[digitalis]], [[digoxin]], [[donepezil]], [[dopamine agonist]], [[duloxetine]], [[efavirenz]], [[eflornithine]], [[eletriptan]], [[elvitegravir]], [[emtricitabine]], [[Epoetin Alfa Injection (patient information)|epoetin alfa injection]], [[eribulin]], [[erythromycin]], [[estrogen]], [[ethosuximide]], [[febuxostat]],  [[fentanyl skin patches (patient information)|fentanyl skin patches]], [[fesoterodine]], [[fibrates]], [[fluoxetine]], [[fluticasone]], [[fluvastatin]], [[fluvoxamine]],  [[frovatriptan]], [[gemfibrozil]], [[glucocorticoids]], [[H2 antagonist]], [[heroin]], [[iberogast]], [[ibuprofen]], [[imatinib]], [[indomethacin]], [[infliximab]], [[Interferon Beta-1b Injection|interferon beta-1b injection]], [[interferon gamma]], [[ketorolac]], [[lacosamide]], [[levalbuterol]], [[levodopa]], [[lithium]], [[lovaza]], [[macrolides]], [[meloxicam]], [[meropenem]], [[Meropenem Injection|meropenem injection]], [[metformin]], [[methocarbamol]], [[methylprednisolone]], [[Xanthine|methylxanthin]], [[metronidazole ]], [[misoprostol]], [[Monoamine oxidase inhibitor|monoamine oxidase-b inhibitors]], [[mosapride]], [[nabilone]], [[nabumetone]], [[nalbuphine]], [[naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium]], [[narcotics]], [[niacin]], [[nicotine polacrilex]], [[non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]], [[omeprazole]], [[opioids]], [[oprelvekin]], [[oral contraceptives]], [[orlistat]], [[oxcarbazepine]], [[oxycodone]], [[oxycodone and aspirin (patient information)|oxycodone and aspirin]], [[PDE5 inhibitor]], [[pentamidine Isethionate]], [[pergolide]], [[pirfenidone]], [[potassium |potassium supplements]], [[pramlintide injection]], [[prednisone]], [[proton pump inhibitor]], [[quazepam]], [[quetiapine]],  [[quinidine]], [[rasagiline]], [[rimabotulinumtoxinb]], [[rivastigmine]], [[sertraline]], [[sildenafil]], [[simvastatin]], [[sorafenib]], [[steroid medications]],[[strongyloides]], [[sunitinib]], [[tadalafil]], [[Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate|tenofovir disoproxil fumarate]], [[tetracycline]], [[thalidomide]], [[theophylline]], [[Thyroid Medication|thyroid medicines]], [[Tiotropium Oral Inhalation|tiotropium Oral inhalation)]], [[tobacco]], [[tolmetin]], [[topiramate]], [[travoprost]], [[triamcinolone acetonide]][[valdecoxib]], [[valproic acid]], [[venlafaxine]], [[vigabatrin]], [[vilazodone]], [[vortioxetine]], [[zolmitriptan]], [[zopiclone]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Thyroglossal cyst]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Endocrine'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Carcinoid syndrome]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[hyperparathyroidism ]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[primary hyperparathyroidism]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Adrenal fatigue]], [[carcinoid syndrome]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[estrogens]], [[hyperparathyroidism]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]], [[overeating]], [[parathyroid disease|parathyroid disorders]], [[primary hyperparathyroidism]], [[ thyroid disease]], [[thyroglossal cyst]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Environmental'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Multiple chemical sensitivity]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Multiple chemical sensitivity]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Gastroenterologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achlorhydria]], [[acid reflux]] / [[heartburn]], [[acute viral hepatitis]], adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, [[aerophagy]], [[cholecystitis]], [[chronic hepatitis]], acute and chronic [[pancreatitis]], [[cirrhosis of liver]], [[coeliac disease]], [[colonic cancer]], [[crohn's disease]], [[duodenal cancer]], duodenal lymphoma, [[duodenal polyps]], [[duodenal ulcer]], [[duodenal webs]], [[duodenitis]], [[esophageal carcinoma]], [[esophagitis]], [[gallstones]], [[gastric cancer]], [[gastric lymphoma]], [[gastric motility disorder]], [[gastric ulcer]], [[gastritis]], [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]], [[gastrointestinal tumors]], [[hiatus hernia]], [[hypertrophic gastritis]], [[intestinal motility disorder]], [[intestinal obstruction]], [[irritable bowel syndrome]], [[malabsorption]], [[Ménétriér's disease]], [[pancreatic cancer]], [[peptic ulcers]], [[small intestinal bacterial overgrowth]], [[tropical sprue]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[hepatoma]], [[ischemic bowel disease]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Achlorhydria]], [[aerophagia]], [[acid reflux]], [[acute viral hepatitis]], [[acute pancreatitis]], [[Pyloric stenosis|adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis]], [[aerophagy]], [[amebic dysentery]], [[ascites]], [[biliary disease]], [[biliary pain]], [[burping]], [[Malabsorption|carbohydrate malabsorption]], [[carcinoid syndrome]], [[Median arcuate ligament syndrome|celiac artery compression syndromee]], [[celiac disease]], [[cholecystitis]], [[cholelithiasis]], [[Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome|chronic abdominal wall pain]], [[gastritis|chronic gastritis]], [[chronic hepatitis]], [[intestinal ischemia|chronic intestinal ischemia]], [[chronic pancreatitis]], [[cirrhosis of liver]],  [[colon cancer]],[[constipation]], [[crohn's disease]], [[delayed gastric emptying]], [[Diarrhea]],[[duodenal cancer]], [[Small intestine cancer|duodenal lymphoma]], [[Polyp (medicine)|duodenal polyps]], [[duodenal ulcer]], duodenal webs, [[duodenitis]], [[esophageal carcinoma]], [[esophageal disease]], [[esophageal spasm]], [[esophagitis]], [[functional bowel disorder]], [[gallstones]], [[gastric cancer]], [[gastroenteritis]], [[gastric lymphoma]], [[gastric motility disorder]], [[gastric ulcer]], [[gastritis]], [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]], [[gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasm]], [[gastroparesis]],[[Zygomycosis|gastrointestinal zygomycosis]], [[giardiasis]], [[helicobacter pylori infection]], [[hepatitis]], [[hepatitis c]], [[hepatocellular carcinoma]], [[hepatoma]], [[hiatus hernia]], [[Ménétriér's disease|hypertrophic gastritis]], [[inflammatory bowel disease]], [[Neurogastroenterology|intestinal motility disorder]], [[intestinal obstruction]], [[irritable bowel syndrome]], [[ischemic bowel disease]], [[lactose intolerance]], [[malabsorption]], [[Ménétriér's disease]], [[non-ulcer dyspepsia]], [[pancreatic cancer]], [[pancreatitis]], [[peptic ulcers]], [[Rome process]], [[small intestinal bacterial overgrowth]], [[Stomach cancer]], [[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]], [[tropical sprue]], [[ulcerative colitis]], [[visceroptosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Genetic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Celiac disease]], [[connective tissue disease]], [[Gulf War syndrome]], [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Hematologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Chlorosis (medicine)|Chlorosis]], [[extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Iatrogenic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Digestive system surgery|After gastrointestinal surgery]], [[esophagogastroduodenoscopy]], [[multiple chemical sensitivity]], [[SSRI discontinuation syndrome]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Infectious Disease'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amebic dysentery]], [[fascioliasis]], [[gastrointestinal mucormycosis]], [[giardiasis]], [[H. Pylori]], [[hookworm]], [[opisthorchiasis]], [[strongyloidiasis]], [[syphilis]], [[tuberculosis]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acute viral hepatitis]], [[amebic dysentery]], [[gastritis|chronic gastritis]], [[fascioliasis]], [[gastritis]], [[gastroenteritis]], [[gastrointestinal mucormycosis]], [[giardiasis]], [[H. pylori]], [[Helicobacter pylori infection]], [[hepatitis]], [[hepatitis C]], [[herpes simplex]], [[hookworm]], [[opisthorchiasis]],  [[strongyloidiasis]], [[syphilis]], [[trichinosis]], [[tuberculosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 90: / Line 77: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Neurologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Autonomic neuropathy]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Autonomic neuropathy]], [[Gulf War syndrome]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Diabulimia]], eating fatty foods, eating just before sleeping, eating spicy foods, eating too late in the evening, excess alcohol consumption, excess caffeine consumption, [[garlic]], [[indian gooseberry]], [[overeating]], [[suillus luteus]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Bitter melon]] [[BRAT diet|Brat diet]], [[capsicum annuum]], [[chocolate]], [[cyclooxygenase]], [[Dietary fiber|eating high-fiber foods]], [[food allergy]],  [[food intolerance]], [[garlic]], [[ginger]], [[Gluten-related disorders|gluten allergy]], [[Ketogenic diet|high-fat diet]], [[Hydrogen potassium ATPase|hydrogen potassium atpase]], [[Phyllanthus emblica|indian gooseberry]], [[lactose intolerance]], [[niacin]], [[obesity]], [[oranges]], [[overeating]], [[radish]], [[s-adenosyl methionine]], [[Spice|spicy foods]], [[suillus luteus]] [[tomato|tomatoes]], [[tropical sprue]], [[vitamin C]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Estrogens]], [[herpes simplex]], [[oral contraceptives]], [[ovarian cancer]], [[pregnancy]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Oncologic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ovarian cancer]], [[extranodal marginal zone B-cell Lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue]], [[colonic cancer]], [[duodenal cancer]], [[duodenal lymphoma]], [[esophageal carcinoma]], [[gastric cancer]], [[gastric lymphoma]], [[gastrointestinal tumors]], [[pancreatic cancer]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Abdominal cancer]], [[Cancer]], [[carcinoid syndrome]], [[colon cancer]], [[duodenal cancer]], [[Small intestine cancer|duodenal lymphoma]], [[esophageal cancer]], [[extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma]], [[gastric cancer]], [[Gastric lymphoma|gastric lymphoma]], [[Gastrointestinal cancer|gastrointestinal neoplasm]], [[hepatocellular carcinoma]], [[hepatoma]], [[ovarian cancer]], [[pancreatic cancer]], [[stomach cancer]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 110: / Line 98: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Niacin]], [[vitamin C]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Alcohol]], [[caffeine|excess caffeine consumption]], [[hangover]], [[heroin]], [[narcotics]], [[opioids]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Psychiatric'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Alexithymia]], [[anxiety]], [[Charles Darwin's illness]], [[depression]], [[diabulimia]], [[fasting girls]], [[overeating]], [[stress]], [[trichophagia]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Pulmonary'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Sarcoidosis]], [[smoking]], [[tuberculosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypercalcaemia]], [[uremia]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Chronic renal disease]], [[hypercalcaemia]], [[hyperkalemia]], [[malabsorption]], [[uremia]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Oral allergy syndrome]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[scleroderma]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Gluten-related disorders|Gluten allergy]], [[Gulf War syndrome]], [[oral allergy syndrome]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[scleroderma]], [[ulcerative colitis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Sexual'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Herpes simplex]], [[syphilis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 142: / Line 132: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Miscellaneous'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Couvade]], [[gulf War syndrome]], [[alcohol]], [[gas]], [[stress]], [[tobacco]], [[obesity]], [[SSRI discontinuation syndrome]], [[Trichophagia]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Collinsonia canadensis]], [[coptis]], [[couvade]], [[mint]], [[strychnine tree]], [[vinca]]
-|-
 |}
 ===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
-{{MultiCol}}
+{{columns-list|
 *[[4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone]]
+*[[Abdominal cancer]]
-*[[acarbose]]
+*[[Abdominal guarding]]
+*[[Acarbose]]
-*[[Achlorhydria]]
+*[[Acetylsalicylic acid]]
+*[[Achalasia]]
-*[[Acid reflux]] / [[heartburn]]
+*[[Achillea millefolium]]
+*[[Achlorhydria ]]
-*Acute and chronic [[Pancreatitis]]
+*[[Acid reflux]]
+*[[Acute pancreatitis]]
 *[[Acute viral hepatitis]]
+*[[Adefovir]]
-*[[Adefovir (patient information)]]
+*[[Adrenal fatigue]]
+*[[Pyloric stenosis|Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis]]
-*[[Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis]]
+*[[Aerophagia]]
+*[[Digestive system surgery|After gastrointestinal surgery]]
-*[[Aerophagy]]
+*[[Alcohol]]
+*[[Alendronate]]
-*[[Alcohol]]
+*[[Alexithymia]]
+*[[Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor]]
-*[[alendronate]]
+*[[Aluminium hydroxide]]
 *[[Amanita phalloides]]
 *[[Amebic dysentery]]
+*[[Amitriptyline]]
+*[[Amlodipine]]
+*[[Ampicillin]]
+*[[Amylin|Amylin analogs]]
+*[[Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors]]
+*[[Angiotensin II receptor antagonist]]
 *[[Anxiety]]
+*[[Artemether and lumefantrin]]
-*[[Aspirin]] and many other painkillers
+*[[Ascites]]
+*[[Aspirin]]
-*[[Atazanavir (patient information)]]
+*[[Atazanavir ]]
 *[[Autonomic neuropathy]]
+*[[Belching]]
+*[[Bezafibrate]]
+*[[Biguanide]]
+*[[Biliary disease]]
+*[[Biliary pain]]
+*[[Bisphosphonates]]
+*[[Bitter melon]]
+*[[BRAT diet|Brat diet]]
 *[[Buprenorphine]]
+*[[Burping]]
-*[[Calcium channel blockers]]
+*[[Caffeine]]
+*[[Calcium channel blockers]]
-*[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
+*[[Cancer]]
+*[[Capsicum annuum]]
+*[[Malabsorption|Carbohydrate malabsorption]]
+*[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
+*[[Cefadroxil]]
+*[[Cefixime]]
+*[[Median arcuate ligament syndrome|Celiac artery compression syndrome]]
+*[[Celiac disease]]
+*[[Charles Darwin's illness]]
+*[[Chlorosis (medicine)|Chlorosis]]
+*[[Chocolate]]
 *[[Cholecystitis]]
+*[[Cholelithiasis]]
-*[[Cholestyramine (patient information)]]
+*[[Cholestyramine]]
+*[[Cholestyramine resin (patient information)|Cholestyramine resin]]
-*[[Cholestyramine Resin (patient information)]]
+*[[Anterior cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome|Chronic abdominal wall pain]]
+*[[Gastritis|Chronic gastritis ]]
 *[[Chronic hepatitis]]
+*[[intestinal ischemia|Chronic intestinal ischemia]]
-*[[Cirrhosis of liver]]
+*[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
+*[[Chronic renal disease]]
-*[[Coeliac disease]]
+*[[Cidofovir]]
+*[[Cirrhosis]]
+*[[Codeine ]]
+*[[Coffee]]
+*[[Colchicine]]
+*[[Collinsonia canadensis]]
 *[[Colofac]]
 *[[Colon cancer]]
+*[[Congestive cardiac failure]]
+*[[Connective tissue disease]]
+*[[Constipation]]
+*[[Coptis]]
+*[[Coronary disease]]
+*[[Coronary ischemia]]
+*[[Corticosteroids]]
 *[[Couvade]]
+*[[Crohn disease]]
-*[[Crohn's disease]]
+*[[Cyclooxygenase]]
+*[[Daptomycin]]
+*[[Delayed gastric emptying]]
+*[[Depression]]
 *[[Diabetes mellitus]]
 *[[Diabulimia]]
+*[[Diarrhea]]
-*[[Duloxetine]]
+*[[Diflunisal]]
+*[[Digitalis]]
+*[[Digoxin]]
+*[[Donepezil]]
+*[[Dopamine agonist]]
+*[[Duloxetine]]
 *[[Duodenal cancer]]
+*[[Small intestine cancer|Duodenal lymphoma]]
-*[[Duodenal lymphoma]]
+*[[Polyp (medicine)|Duodenal polyps]]
-*[[Duodenal polyps]]
 *[[Duodenal ulcer]]
+*Duodenal webs
-*[[Duodenal webs]]
+*[[Duodenitis]]
+*[[Diet (nutrition)|Eating habits]]
-*[[Duodenitis]]
+*[[Dietary fiber|Eating high-fiber foods]]
+*[[Eflornithine]]
-*[[Eating fatty foods]]
+*[[Elvitegravir]]
+*[[Emtricitabine]]
-*[[Eating just before sleeping]]
+*[[Epoetin Alfa Injection (patient information)|Epoetin alfa injection]]
+*[[Eribulin]]
-*[[Eating spicy foods]]
+*[[Erythromycin]]
+*[[Esophageal cancer]]
-*[[Eating too late in the evening]]
+*[[Esophageal dysmotility]]
+*[[Esophageal spasm]]
-*[[Efavirenz (patient information)]]
-*[[Emtricitabine (patient information)]]
-*[[Epoetin Alfa Injection (patient information)]]
-*[[erythromycin]]
-*[[Esophageal carcinoma]]
 *[[Esophagitis]]
+*[[Esophageal disease]]
-*[[Estrogen]] and [[Oral contraceptives]]
+*[[Estrogens]]
+*[[Ethosuximide]]
-*[[Excess caffeine consumption]]
+*[[Caffeine|Excess caffeine consumption]]
+*[[Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma]]
-*[[Extranodal Marginal Zone B-cell Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue]]
 *[[Fascioliasis]]
+*[[Fasting girls]]
-*[[Fentanyl Skin Patches (patient information)]]
+*[[Fentanyl skin patches (patient information)|Fentanyl skin patches]]
+*[[Fibrate]]
-*[[Fluticasone]] (aerosol)
+*[[Fluoxetine]]
+*[[Fluticasone]]
-*[[Food intolerance]]
+*[[Fluvastatin]]
+*[[Food allergy]]
-*[[Frovatriptan (patient information)]]
+*[[Food intolerance]]
+*[[Frovatriptan]]
+*[[Functional bowel disorder]]
 *[[Gallstones]]
+*[[Garlic]]
-*[[Garlic]]
+*[[Gas]]
+*[[Gastric cancer]]
-*[[Gas]]
+*[[Gastric lymphoma]]
-*[[Gastric cancer]]
-*[[Gastric lymphoma]]
 *[[Gastric motility disorder]]
 *[[Gastric ulcer]]
+*[[Gastritis]]
-*[[Gastritis]]
+*[[Gastroenteritis]]
+*[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]
-*[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]
+*[[Gastrointestinal mucormycosis]]
+*[[Gastrointestinal cancer|Gastrointestinal neoplasm]]
-{{ColBreak}}
+*[[Zygomycosis|Gastrointestinal zygomycosis]]
+*[[Gastroparesis]]
-*[[Gastrointestinal mucormycosis]]
+*[[Gemfibrozil]]
-*[[Gastrointestinal tumors]]
 *[[Giardiasis]]
+*[[Ginger]]
-*[[Gluten allergy]]
+*[[Glucocorticoids]]
+*[[Gluten-related disorders|Gluten allergy]]
-*[[Gulf War syndrome]]
+*[[Gulf War syndrome|Gulf war syndrome]]
+*[[H2 antagonist]]
-*[[H. Pylori]]
+*[[Hangover]]
+*[[Helicobacter pylori infection]]
-*[[Hepatoma]]
+*[[Hepatitis c]]
+*[[Hepatitis]]
-*[[Hiatus hernia]]
+*[[Hepatocellular carcinoma]]
+*[[Hepatoma]]
+*[[Heroin]]
+*[[Herpes simplex]]
+*[[Hiatal hernia]]
+*[[Ketogenic diet|High-fat diet]]
 *[[Hookworm]]
+*[[Hydrogen potassium ATPase]]
 *[[Hypercalcaemia]]
+*[[Hyperkalemia]]
-*[[hyperparathyroidism ]]
+*[[Hyperparathyroidism]]
 *[[Hyperthyroidism]]
+*[[Ménétriér's disease|Hypertrophic gastritis]]
-*[[Hypertrophic gastritis]]
+*[[Iberogast]]
+*[[Ibuprofen]]
-*[[Imatinib (patient information)]]
+*[[Imatinib]]
+*[[Phyllanthus emblica|Indian gooseberry]]
-*[[Indian gooseberry]]
+*[[Indomethacin]]
+*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
-* [[Infliximab]]
+*[[Infliximab]]
+*[[Interferon Beta-1b Injection]]
-*[[Interferon Beta-1b Injection (patient information)]]
+*[[Interferon gamma]]
+*[[Neurogastroenterology|Intestinal motility disorder]]
-*[[Intestinal motility disorder]]
 *[[Intestinal obstruction]]
+*[[Iron]]
-*[[Ischemic bowel disease]]
 *[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
+*[[Ischemic bowel disease]]
-*[[Lithium (patient information)]]
+*[[Ketorolac]]
+*[[Lactose intolerance]]
+*[[Levodopa]]
+*[[Lithium]]
+*[[Macrolides]]
 *[[Malabsorption]]
+*[[Medications]]
 *[[Meloxicam]]
 *[[Ménétriér's disease]]
+*[[Meropenem Injection|Meropenem injection ]]
-*[[Meropenem Injection (patient information)]]
+*[[Metformin]]
+*[[Methylprednisolone]]
-*[[methylxanthines]]
+*[[Xanthine|Methylxanthines]]
+*[[Metronidazole]]
-*[[metronidazole ]]
+*[[Mint]]
+*[[Misoprostol]]
+*[[Monoamine oxidase inhibitor|Monoamine oxidase-b inhibitors]]
+*[[Mosapride]]
 *[[Multiple chemical sensitivity]]
+*[[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]]
+*[[Myocardial ischaemia]]
+*[[Nabilone]]
+*[[Nalbuphine]]
+*[[Narcotics]]
+*[[Nausea]]
+*[[Nervous]]
 *[[Niacin]]
+*[[Nicotine polacrilex]]
-*[[Obesity]]
+*[[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]]
+*[[Non-ulcer dyspepsia]]
-*[[Opisthorchiasis]]
+*[[Obesity]]
+*[[Omeprazole]]
+*[[Opioids]]
+*[[Opisthorchiasis]]
+*[[Opisthorchis infection]]
+*[[Oprelvekin]]
 *[[Oral allergy syndrome]]
+*[[Oral contraceptives]]
-*[[orlistat]]
+*[[Oranges]]
+*[[Orlistat]]
 *[[Ovarian cancer]]
 *[[Overeating]]
+*[[Oxycodone and aspirin (patient information)|Oxycodone and aspirin]]
-*[[Oxycodone and aspirin (patient information)]]
 *[[Pancreatic cancer]]
+*[[Pancreatitis]]
-*[[Pergolide (patient information)]]
+*[[Parathyroid disease|Parathyroid disorders]]
+*[[PDE5 inhibitor]]
-*[[potassium supplements]]
+*[[Peptic ulcer]]
+*[[Pergolide]]
-*[[Pramlintide injection (patient information)]]
+*[[Pirfenidone]]
+*[[Potassium]]
-*[[Pregnancy]]
+*[[Pramlintide injection]]
+*[[Prednisone]]
+*[[Pregnancy]]
 *[[Primary hyperparathyroidism]]
+*[[Prokinetic]]
-*[[Quetiapine (patient information)]]
+*[[Proton pump inhibitor]]
+*[[Quetiapine]]
-*[[Rivastigmine (patient information)]]
+*[[Quinidine]]
+*[[Radish]]
-*[[Sarcoidosis]]
+*[[Reflux]]
+*[[Rivastigmine]]
-*[[Scleroderma]]
+*[[Rome process]]
+*[[S-adenosyl methionine]]
+*[[Sarcoidosis]]
+*[[Scleroderma]]
+*[[Sertraline]]
+*[[Sildenafil]]
 *[[Simvastatin]]
 *[[Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth]]
+*[[Smoking]]
-*[[Smoking]]
+*[[Sodium dichloroisocyanurate]]
+*[[Sorafenib]]
-*[[Sodium dichloroisocyanurate]]
+*[[Spice|Spicy foods]]
 *[[SSRI discontinuation syndrome]]
+*[[Steroids]]
-*[[Steroids]]
+*[[Stomach cancer]]
+*[[Stomach disease]]
 *[[Stress]]
 *[[Strongyloidiasis]]
+*[[Strychnine tree]]
 *[[Suillus luteus]]
+*[[Sunitinib]]
+*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]
+*[[Swallowed air]]
 *[[Syphilis]]
 *[[Tadalafil]]
+*[[Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate|Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate]]
-*[[Tenofovir]] disoproxil fumarate
+*[[Tetracycline]]
+*[[Theophylline]]
-*[[Thyroid medicines]]
+*[[Thyroglossal cyst]]
+*[[Thyroid Medication|Thyroid medicines]]
-*[[Tiotropium Oral Inhalation (patient information)]]
+*[[Thyroid disease]]
+*[[Tiotropium Oral Inhalation]]
 *[[Tobacco]]
+*[[Tomato|Tomatoes]]
+*[[Topiramate]]
+*[[Trichinosis]]
 *[[Trichophagia]]
 *[[Tropical sprue]]
 *[[Tuberculosis]]
+*[[Ulcerative colitis]]
-*[[Ulcerative colitis]]
+*[[Uremia]]
+*[[Valproic acid]]
-*[[Uremia]]
+*[[Venlafaxine]]
+*[[Vigabatrin]]
-*[[Vitamin C]]
+*[[Vilazodone]]
+*[[Vinca]]
-{{EndMultiCol}}
+*[[Visceroptosis]]
+*[[Vitamin C]]
+*[[Zolmitriptan]]
+*[[Zopiclone]]
+}}
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}
+{{WH}}
+{{WS}}
 [[Category:Gastroenterology]]
 [[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]
-[[Category:Symptoms]]
+[[Category:Crowdiagnosis]]
-[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
-[[Category:primary care]]
-[[Category:Needs overview]]
-{{WH}}
-{{WS}}