Central cyanosis, fever, chest pain, and clubbing: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{EG}} <span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:''' ABG= Arterial blood gas, ANP= Atrial natriuretic peptide, BNP= Brain natriuretic p...")
 
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<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:''' ABG= [[Arterial blood gas]], ANP= [[Atrial natriuretic peptide]], BNP= [[Brain natriuretic peptide]], CBC= [[Complete blood count]], COPD= [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], CRP= [[C-reactive protein]], CT= [[Computed tomography]], CXR= [[Chest X-ray]], DVT= [[Deep vein thrombosis]], ESR= [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], HRCT= [[High Resolution CT]], IgE= [[Immunoglobulin E]], LDH= [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], PCWP= [[Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure]].</span>
<span style="font-size:85%">'''Abbreviations:''' ABG= [[Arterial blood gas]], ANP= [[Atrial natriuretic peptide]], BNP= [[Brain natriuretic peptide]], CBC= [[Complete blood count]], COPD= [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], CRP= [[C-reactive protein]], CT= [[Computed tomography]], CXR= [[Chest X-ray]], DVT= [[Deep vein thrombosis]], ESR= [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate]], HRCT= [[High Resolution CT]], IgE= [[Immunoglobulin E]], LDH= [[Lactate dehydrogenase]], PCWP= [[Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure]].</span>
<small><small>
{| align="center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;"
{| align="center" style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;"
! colspan="3" rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diseases
! colspan="3" rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Diseases
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! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
|-
|-
! rowspan="13" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Pulmonary disease|Pulmonary diseases]]
! rowspan="4" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Pulmonary disease|Pulmonary diseases]]
! rowspan="3"  align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Airway]] disorder
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Airway]] disorder
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Sleep apnea]]<ref name="pmid26336596">{{cite journal| author=Spicuzza L, Caruso D, Di Maria G| title=Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and its management. | journal=Ther Adv Chronic Dis | year= 2015 | volume= 6 | issue= 5 | pages= 273-85 | pmid=26336596 | doi=10.1177/2040622315590318 | pmc=4549693 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26336596  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Polycythemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Polysomnography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Polysomnography|'''Polysomnography''']]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Nightmares]], [[Snoring]]
|-
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Chronic [[bronchitis]]<ref name="pmid23204254">{{cite journal| author=Kim V, Criner GJ| title=Chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | journal=Am J Respir Crit Care Med | year= 2013 | volume= 187 | issue= 3 | pages= 228-37 | pmid=23204254 | doi=10.1164/rccm.201210-1843CI | pmc=4951627 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23204254  }}</ref>
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Chronic [[bronchitis]]<ref name="pmid23204254">{{cite journal| author=Kim V, Criner GJ| title=Chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | journal=Am J Respir Crit Care Med | year= 2013 | volume= 187 | issue= 3 | pages= 228-37 | pmid=23204254 | doi=10.1164/rccm.201210-1843CI | pmc=4951627 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23204254  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
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| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Productive cough]], [[Chest tightness]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Productive cough]], [[Chest tightness]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Atelectasis]]<ref name="pmid12531090">{{cite journal |vauthors=Peroni DG, Boner AL |title=Atelectasis: mechanisms, diagnosis and management |journal=Paediatr Respir Rev |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=274–8 |date=September 2000 |pmid=12531090 |doi=10.1053/prrv.2000.0059 |url=}}</ref>
! rowspan="3" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Parenchymal lung disease|Parenchymal disorder]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Localized diminished [[breath sounds]], [[Wheeze]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Leukocytosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Respiratory acidosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Localized increased [[opacity]], Deviation ''toward'' the [[atelectasis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Local crowding of [[pulmonary vessels]] and [[bronchi]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[MRI]] for distinguishing obstructive from non-obstructive
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[High Resolution CT|HRCT]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Cough]], [[Shallow breathing]]
|-
! rowspan="8" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Parenchymal lung disease|Parenchymal disorder]]
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Alveolitis]]<ref name="pmid1620846">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee JS, Im JG, Ahn JM, Kim YM, Han MC |title=Fibrosing alveolitis: prognostic implication of ground-glass attenuation at high-resolution CT |journal=Radiology |volume=184 |issue=2 |pages=451–4 |date=August 1992 |pmid=1620846 |doi=10.1148/radiology.184.2.1620846 |url=}}</ref>
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Alveolitis]]<ref name="pmid1620846">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee JS, Im JG, Ahn JM, Kim YM, Han MC |title=Fibrosing alveolitis: prognostic implication of ground-glass attenuation at high-resolution CT |journal=Radiology |volume=184 |issue=2 |pages=451–4 |date=August 1992 |pmid=1620846 |doi=10.1148/radiology.184.2.1620846 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
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| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[High Resolution CT|HRCT]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[High Resolution CT|HRCT]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Tachycardia]], [[Bradycardia]] ([[Legionella]])
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Tachycardia]], [[Bradycardia]] ([[Legionella]])
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Asthma]] (Late)<ref name="pmid19365260">{{cite journal |vauthors=Litonjua AA |title=Childhood asthma may be a consequence of vitamin D deficiency |journal=Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=202–7 |date=June 2009 |pmid=19365260 |doi=10.1097/ACI.0b013e32832b36cd |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |End expiratory [[wheeze]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Eosinophilia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑ [[IgE]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Atelectasis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]], [[Bronchiectasis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Spirometry]] before and after [[bronchodilator]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Triad of [[asthma]], [[nasal polyps]], and [[rash]] is indicative of [[Aspirin desensitization|aspirin sensitivity]].
|-
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Tuberculosis]]<ref name="OlalekanOluwaseun2015">{{cite journal|last1=Olalekan|first1=Adebimpe Wasiu|last2=Oluwaseun|first2=Faremi Ayodeji|last3=Oladele|first3=Hassan Abdul-Wasiu|last4=Akeem|first4=Adeyemi Damilare|title=Evaluation of electrolyte imbalance among tuberculosis patients receiving treatments in Southwestern Nigeria|journal=Alexandria Journal of Medicine|volume=51|issue=3|year=2015|pages=255–260|issn=20905068|doi=10.1016/j.ajme.2014.10.003}}</ref>
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Tuberculosis]]<ref name="OlalekanOluwaseun2015">{{cite journal|last1=Olalekan|first1=Adebimpe Wasiu|last2=Oluwaseun|first2=Faremi Ayodeji|last3=Oladele|first3=Hassan Abdul-Wasiu|last4=Akeem|first4=Adeyemi Damilare|title=Evaluation of electrolyte imbalance among tuberculosis patients receiving treatments in Southwestern Nigeria|journal=Alexandria Journal of Medicine|volume=51|issue=3|year=2015|pages=255–260|issn=20905068|doi=10.1016/j.ajme.2014.10.003}}</ref>
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| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Loss of appetite]], [[Night sweats]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Loss of appetite]], [[Night sweats]]
|-
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]<ref name="pmid29268540">{{cite journal| author=Shaw J, Marshall T, Morris H, Hayton C, Chaudhuri N| title=Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a holistic approach to disease management in the antifibrotic age. | journal=J Thorac Dis | year= 2017 | volume= 9 | issue= 11 | pages= 4700-4707 | pmid=29268540 | doi=10.21037/jtd.2017.10.111 | pmc=5721024 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29268540  }}</ref>
! colspan="2" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Hematologic diseases]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Inspiratory [[crackles]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Anemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Matrix metalloproteinases|Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Honeycombing
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Traction [[bronchiectasis]],
Interlobular septal thickening
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[High Resolution CT|HRCT]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[High Resolution CT|HRCT]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Fatigue]], [[Weight loss]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Pneumoconiosis]]<ref name="pmid27336897">{{cite journal| author=Yen CM, Lin CL, Lin MC, Chen HY, Lu NH, Kao CH| title=Pneumoconiosis increases the risk of congestive heart failure: A nationwide population-based cohort study. | journal=Medicine (Baltimore) | year= 2016 | volume= 95 | issue= 25 | pages= e3972 | pmid=27336897 | doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000003972 | pmc=4998335 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27336897  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |End expiratory [[wheeze]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[Anemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Respiratory acidosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hypercalcemia|Hyper]]/[[Hypocalcemia]],
[[Hypermagnesemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Small to large round [[nodular]] [[Opacity|opacities]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Diffuse distribution of small [[nodules]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[MRI]] and [[PET scan|PET-CT scan]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[CT-scans|CT]]/[[High Resolution CT|HRCT]] scan
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Tightness in the [[chest]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Lung cancer]]<ref name="pmid20493989">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hartwig MG, D'Amico TA |title=Thoracoscopic lobectomy: the gold standard for early-stage lung cancer? |journal=Ann. Thorac. Surg. |volume=89 |issue=6 |pages=S2098–101 |date=June 2010 |pmid=20493989 |doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.02.102 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Absence of [[breath sounds]], [[Stridor]], [[Wheezing]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Leukocytosis]], [[Anemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hyponatremia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑[[CRP]], ↑[[ESR]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulmonary nodule]] or [[Pulmonary mass|mass]],
[[Mediastinal widening]]
 
[[Hilar lymphadenopathy]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Massive [[lymphadenopathy]], Direct [[mediastinal]] invasion
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[MRI]], [[PET scan|PET-CT scan]], [[Bronchoscopy]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Computed tomography|Low dose computed tomography scan (LDCT)]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Weight loss]], [[Loss of appetite]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Acute respiratory distress syndrome]]<ref name="pmid26045965">{{cite journal| author=Ochiai R| title=Mechanical ventilation of acute respiratory distress syndrome. | journal=J Intensive Care | year= 2015 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 25 | pmid=26045965 | doi=10.1186/s40560-015-0091-6 | pmc=4456061 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26045965  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Inspiratory [[crackles]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Leukopenia]]/[[Leukocytosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↓[[CO2]], [[Respiratory alkalosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hyponatremia]], [[Hyperkalemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑[[BNP]], ↑[[Von Willebrand factor|Von Willebrand factor (VWF)]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Bilateral [[pulmonary]] infiltrates (patchy to diffuse)
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Emphysema]], [[Pneumothorax]] and [[pneumomediastinum]], [[Mediastinal lymphadenopathy]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring ([[PCWP]]), [[Bronchoscopy]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Chest]] [[CT scan]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Tachypnea]], [[Muscle weakness]]
|-
! rowspan="2"  align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Pulmonary vascular congestion|Pulmonary vascular disorders]]
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Pulmonary arterio-venous malformation]]<ref name="pmid119300212">{{cite journal |vauthors=Khurshid I, Downie GH |title=Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation |journal=Postgrad Med J |volume=78 |issue=918 |pages=191–7 |year=2002 |pmid=11930021 |pmc=1742331 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid195683982">{{cite journal |vauthors=Doshi HM, Robinson S, Chalhoub T, Jack S, Denison A, Gibson G |title=Massive spontaneous hemothorax during the immediate postpartum period |journal=Tex Heart Inst J |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=247–9 |year=2009 |pmid=19568398 |pmc=2696501 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15541322">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chanatry BJ |title=Acute hemothorax owing to pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in pregnancy |journal=Anesth. Analg. |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=613–5 |year=1992 |pmid=1554132 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulmonary]] [[bruit]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Respiratory acidosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |One or more rounded or multilobular [[Opacity|opacities]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Connecting [[vessel]] in [[hilum]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Magnetic resonance angiography]], [[Echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Contrast enhanced [[magnetic resonance angiography]] 
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Cerebral arteriovenous malformation]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Pulmonary hypertension]]<ref name="pmid28241922">{{cite journal| author=Hoeper MM, Ghofrani HA, Grünig E, Klose H, Olschewski H, Rosenkranz S| title=Pulmonary Hypertension. | journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int | year= 2017 | volume= 114 | issue= 5 | pages= 73-84 | pmid=28241922 | doi=10.3238/arztebl.2017.0073 | pmc=5331483 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28241922  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Tricuspid regurgitation]] murmur, [[Pulmonic insufficiency]] murmur
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Mild [[anemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hypernatremia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑[[BNP]], ↑[[Atrial natriuretic peptide|ANP]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Right deviated [[cardiac apex]],
Prominent [[pulmonary artery]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ill-defined [[nodules]], Interlobular septal thickening
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA), [[Magnetic resonance angiography|MRA]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Cardiac catheterization]] ([[PCWP]])
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Fatigue]], Inability to exercise
|-
! colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Disease
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Peripheral
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Central
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Dyspnea
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Fever
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Chest pain
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Clubbing
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Peripheral edema
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Auscultation
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |CBC
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |ABG
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Electrolytes
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |X-ray
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |CT scan
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Gold standard
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Additional findings
|-
! rowspan="13" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Cardiac disease|Cardiac diseases]]
! rowspan="8" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Congenital disorder|Congenital disorders]]
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Atrioventricular canal defect (patient information)|Atrioventricular canal defect]]<ref name="pmid15227445">{{cite journal| author=Macris MP, Ott DA, Cooley DA| title=Complete atrioventricular canal defect: surgical considerations. | journal=Tex Heart Inst J | year= 1992 | volume= 19 | issue= 3 | pages= 239-43 | pmid=15227445 | doi= | pmc=326195 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15227445  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Wheezing]],[[Holosystolic murmur|Holosystolic]] or [[systolic ejection murmur]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Cardiomegaly]], Increased [[Pulmonary vascular congestion|pulmonary vascular markings]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]], [[MRI]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Tachypnea]], Lack of [[appetite]], [[Pale skin color]], Excessive [[sweating]]
|-
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Ebstein anomaly]]<ref name="pmid27439413">{{cite journal |vauthors=Safi LM, Liberthson RR, Bhatt A |title=Current Management of Ebstein's Anomaly in the Adult |journal=Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med |volume=18 |issue=9 |pages=56 |date=September 2016 |pmid=27439413 |doi=10.1007/s11936-016-0478-2 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Loud [[S1]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Cardiomegaly]], "Box shape" [[heart]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Apical displacement of the septal and posterior leaflets of the [[tricuspid valve]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |"Atrialisation" of the [[right ventricle]] in MRI, [[Tricuspid regurgitation]] in [[echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Fatigue]], [[Palpitations]]
|-
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]<ref name="pmid19144126">{{cite journal| author=Bailliard F, Anderson RH| title=Tetralogy of Fallot. | journal=Orphanet J Rare Dis | year= 2009 | volume= 4 | issue=  | pages= 2 | pmid=19144126 | doi=10.1186/1750-1172-4-2 | pmc=2651859 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19144126  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Systolic murmurs|Harsh systolic murmur]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |"Boot-shaped" [[heart]] with an upturned [[cardiac apex]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Aortopulmonary fistula|Aortopulmonary collateral vessels]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Peripheral [[Pulmonary valve stenosis|pulmonary stenosis]] and [[atresia]] in [[echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Fainting]], [[Palpitation]]
|-
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Pulmonic stenosis]]<ref name="pmid23807889">{{cite journal| author=Yoo BW, Park HK| title=Pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary regurgitation: both ends of the spectrum in residual hemodynamic impairment after tetralogy of Fallot repair. | journal=Korean J Pediatr | year= 2013 | volume= 56 | issue= 6 | pages= 235-41 | pmid=23807889 | doi=10.3345/kjp.2013.56.6.235 | pmc=3693041 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23807889  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Crescendo-decrescendo [[ejection murmur]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Schistocyte]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Right ventricular hypertrophy]], Dilated main [[pulmonary artery]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Stenosis of pulmonary artery|Stenotic segment]], Post stenotic [[dilatation]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Severity of the [[stenosis]] by velocity encoded phase contrast (VEC) cine sequences
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Fainting]], [[Palpitation]]
|-
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage|Total anomalous pulmonary]] [[Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage|venous connection]]<ref name="pmid17352891">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stein P |title=Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection |journal=AORN J |volume=85 |issue=3 |pages=509–20; quiz 521–4 |date=March 2007 |pmid=17352891 |doi=10.1016/S0001-2092(07)60123-9 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Systolic murmurs|Systolic murmur]] over the [[pulmonary]] area
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Snowman sign
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Venous return|Anomalous venous return]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Blind ended [[left atrium]] with no connecting [[veins]] in [[echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Pounding [[heart]], Weak [[pulse]], Extreme [[sleepiness]]
|-
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Transposition of the great vessels]]<ref name="pmid18851735">{{cite journal| author=Martins P, Castela E| title=Transposition of the great arteries. | journal=Orphanet J Rare Dis | year= 2008 | volume= 3 | issue=  | pages= 27 | pmid=18851735 | doi=10.1186/1750-1172-3-27 | pmc=2577629 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18851735  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Heart murmur|Diastolic]] and [[Systolic murmur]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Cardiomegaly]] with narrow  superior [[mediastinum]] (egg on a string sign)
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Abnormal great vessel anatomy
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Flow dynamics on Steady-state free precession (SSFP) MRI
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Lack of appetite]], [[Poor weight gain]]
|-
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Truncus arteriosus]]<ref name="pmid2856609">{{cite journal |vauthors=Van Praagh R |title=Truncus arteriosus: what is it really and how should it be classified? |journal=Eur J Cardiothorac Surg |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=65–70 |date=1987 |pmid=2856609 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Holosystolic Murmur|Holosystolic]] or [[Ejection murmur|ejection type murmur]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Moderate [[cardiomegaly]], [[pulmonary]] [[plethora]], [[Widened mediastinum]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Single [[cardiac]] trunk
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Anomalous [[anatomy]] in [[MRI]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Fatigue]], [[Sweating]], [[Pale skin|Pale]] or cool [[skin]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]<ref name="urlPatent Ductus Arteriosus - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0023293/. |title=Patent Ductus Arteriosus - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Continuous machinery murmur
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Cardiomegaly]],  [[Aortopulmonary window]] obsecuration
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Tortuous]] morphology of [[Ductus arteriosus|ductus]] ('''Krichenko classification''')
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Spiral [[CT pulmonary angiogram]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Failure to thrive]], [[Respiratory distress]]
|-
! rowspan="5" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Acquired disorder|Acquired disorders]]
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Myocardial infarction]]<ref name="urlMyocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Symptoms - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0023216/ |title=Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Symptoms - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[S3]] and [[S4]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hyponatremia]], [[Hypokalemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Elevated [[troponin I]] and [[CKMB]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Rolling out other causes
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Coronary vasoconstriction|Coronary luminal narrowing]] in [[CT angiography|CT perfusion scan]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Wall motion abnormality in [[echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and T (cTnT)|Cardiac troponin I]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Dizziness]], [[Fatigue]], [[Lightheadedness]], [[Cold sweat]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Cardiogenic shock]]<ref name="pmid22675405">{{cite journal| author=Werdan K, Ruß M, Buerke M, Delle-Karth G, Geppert A, Schöndube FA et al.| title=Cardiogenic shock due to myocardial infarction: diagnosis, monitoring and treatment: a German-Austrian S3 Guideline. | journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int | year= 2012 | volume= 109 | issue= 19 | pages= 343-51 | pmid=22675405 | doi=10.3238/arztebl.2012.0343 | pmc=3364528 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22675405  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Muffled heart sounds|Muffled heart sound]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Anemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hyperkalemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[PaO2]] in [[pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]] 
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Clinical]] findings
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Tachypnea]], [[Palpitation]], [[Hypotension]], Weak [[pulse]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Cardiomyopathy]]<ref name="pmid28912181">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marian AJ, Braunwald E |title=Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Genetics, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Therapy |journal=Circ. Res. |volume=121 |issue=7 |pages=749–770 |date=September 2017 |pmid=28912181 |doi=10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.311059 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[S3]] and [[S4]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Lymphocytosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[PaO2]] in [[pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Enlarged left ventricle]] and [[Enlarged left atrium|atria]], [[Pulmonary edema]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[MRI]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Endomyocardial biopsy]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Arrhythmias|Arrhythmia]], [[Bloating]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Heart tumors]]<ref name="pmid24717305">{{cite journal| author=Hoffmeier A, Sindermann JR, Scheld HH, Martens S| title=Cardiac tumors--diagnosis and surgical treatment. | journal=Dtsch Arztebl Int | year= 2014 | volume= 111 | issue= 12 | pages= 205-11 | pmid=24717305 | doi=10.3238/arztebl.2014.0205 | pmc=3983698 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24717305  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Early [[diastolic]] tumor plop
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Mild ↓[[PaO2]] in [[pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Calcification]] in lateral view
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Intracardiac Myxoma|Intracardiac mass]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]] 
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Histologic]] diagnosis ([[biopsy]])
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Syncope]], [[Weight loss]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Mitral Stenosis]]<ref name="pmid21189882">{{cite journal| author=Kannan M, Vijayanand G| title=Mitral stenosis and pregnancy: Current concepts in anaesthetic practice. | journal=Indian J Anaesth | year= 2010 | volume= 54 | issue= 5 | pages= 439-44 | pmid=21189882 | doi=10.4103/0019-5049.71043 | pmc=2991654 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21189882  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Diastolic murmur]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Mild ↓[[PaO2]] in [[pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Left atrial enlargement]], [[Mitral annular calcification]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Secondary [[Hemosiderosis|pulmonary hemosiderosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Velocity-encoded cine-[[magnetic resonance imaging]] (VEC-MRI)
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Dizziness]], [[Hemoptysis]]
|-
! colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Disease
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Peripheral
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Central
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Dyspnea
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Fever
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Chest pain
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Clubbing
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Peripheral edema
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Auscultation
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |CBC
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |ABG
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Electrolytes
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |X-ray
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |CT scan
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Gold standard
| align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Additional findings
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Hematologic diseases]]
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Methemoglobinemia]]<ref name="pmid21954509">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ashurst J, Wasson M |title=Methemoglobinemia: a systematic review of the pathophysiology, detection, and treatment |journal=Del Med J |volume=83 |issue=7 |pages=203–8 |date=July 2011 |pmid=21954509 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Wheezing]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Anemia]], [[Methemoglobinemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal [[PaO2]], ↑[[Oxygen saturation|SaO2]], "Saturation gap"
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen saturation|SaO2]] in [[pulse oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Echocardiography]] for ruling out other causes
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Oximetry|Co-oximetry]], [[Arterial blood gas|ABG]] paired with [[pulse oximetry]]. Serum [[methemoglobin]] levels
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Headache]], [[Altered mental status]], [[Delirium]], [[Seizure]], [[Coma]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Polycythemia]]<ref name="pmid11841424">{{cite journal |vauthors=Spivak JL |title=The optimal management of polycythaemia vera |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=243–54 |date=February 2002 |pmid=11841424 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Polycythemia]]<ref name="pmid11841424">{{cite journal |vauthors=Spivak JL |title=The optimal management of polycythaemia vera |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=116 |issue=2 |pages=243–54 |date=February 2002 |pmid=11841424 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
Line 617: Line 133:
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[RBC]] mass (RCM) and [[Blood plasma|plasma volume]] measurement
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[RBC]] mass (RCM) and [[Blood plasma|plasma volume]] measurement
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Itchiness]], [[Headache]]. [[Dizziness]]. [[Blurred vision]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Itchiness]], [[Headache]]. [[Dizziness]]. [[Blurred vision]]
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="4" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Neurological disease]]
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Breath-holding spells]]<ref name="pmid25676645">{{cite journal| author=Goldman RD| title=Breath-holding spells in infants. | journal=Can Fam Physician | year= 2015 | volume= 61 | issue= 2 | pages= 149-50 | pmid=25676645 | doi= | pmc=4325862 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25676645  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Wheezing]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Microcytic anemia|Hypochromic microcytic anemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hypocalcemia]], [[Hypokalemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Iron deficiency]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Ruling out [[foreign body aspiration]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[EEG]] monitoring
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Clinical]] findings
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Fainting]], [[Twitching|Twitching muscles]], [[Seizure]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Seizure]]<ref name="pmid20689626">{{cite journal| author=Goldenberg MM| title=Overview of drugs used for epilepsy and seizures: etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. | journal=P T | year= 2010 | volume= 35 | issue= 7 | pages= 392-415 | pmid=20689626 | doi= | pmc=2912003 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20689626  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hyponatremia]], [[Hypocalcemia|Hypo]]/[[Hypercalcemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↑[[Creatine kinase|CPK]], ↑[[LDH]],
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[EEG]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[EEG]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Fainting]], [[Tonic-clonic|Tonic-clonic movements]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Coma]]<ref name="pmid21190458">{{cite journal| author=Brown EN, Lydic R, Schiff ND| title=General anesthesia, sleep, and coma. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2010 | volume= 363 | issue= 27 | pages= 2638-50 | pmid=21190458 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra0808281 | pmc=3162622 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21190458  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Wheezing]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Underlying [[disease]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Underlying [[disease]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Glasgow coma scale|Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Depressed [[brainstem]] reflexes, [[Agonal breathing]]
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Head trauma]]<ref name="pmid22033563">{{cite journal| author=McAllister TW| title=Neurobiological consequences of traumatic brain injury. | journal=Dialogues Clin Neurosci | year= 2011 | volume= 13 | issue= 3 | pages= 287-300 | pmid=22033563 | doi= | pmc=3182015 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22033563  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Skull fracture]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Intracranial hemorrhage]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[MRI]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[CT scan]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Nausea]], [[Hypertension]], [[Bradycardia]],[[Tachypnea]]
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |Miscellaneous
! colspan="1" rowspan="1" align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[High altitude exposure]]<ref name="pmid29340578">{{cite journal |vauthors=Parati G, Agostoni P, Basnyat B, Bilo G, Brugger H, Coca A, Festi L, Giardini G, Lironcurti A, Luks AM, Maggiorini M, Modesti PA, Swenson ER, Williams B, Bärtsch P, Torlasco C |title=Clinical recommendations for high altitude exposure of individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions |journal=Eur. Heart J. |volume= |issue= |pages= |date=January 2018 |pmid=29340578 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehx720 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Wheezing]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Polycythemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↓[[CO2]], [[Respiratory alkalosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Hyperphosphatemia]], [[Hypercalcemia]], [[Hyponatremia]], [[Hypokalemia]], [[Hypomagnesemia]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Decreased [[bicarbonate]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Central [[interstitial edema]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulmonary consolidation]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Hypoxic challenge test
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Dizziness]], [[Coma]],  Death
|-
! align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |[[Smoke inhalation]]<ref name="pmid20161170">{{cite journal| author=Rehberg S, Maybauer MO, Enkhbaatar P, Maybauer DM, Yamamoto Y, Traber DL| title=Pathophysiology, management and treatment of smoke inhalation injury. | journal=Expert Rev Respir Med | year= 2009 | volume= 3 | issue= 3 | pages= 283-297 | pmid=20161170 | doi=10.1586/ERS.09.21 | pmc=2722076 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20161170  }}</ref>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +/-
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Wheezing]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Anemia]], [[Carboxyhemoglobin]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |↓[[Oxygen|O2]], ↑[[CO2]], [[Respiratory acidosis]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Normal
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulse oximetry|CO-oximetry]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Diffuse [[Opacity|opacities]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulmonary]] infiltration
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Pulmonary function testing]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Bronchoscopy]]
| align="center" style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Cough]], [[Hoarseness]], [[Hemoptysis]], [[Headache]], [[Fainting]]
|-
|-
|}
|}
</small></small>
==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 20:21, 15 March 2018


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Abbreviations: ABG= Arterial blood gas, ANP= Atrial natriuretic peptide, BNP= Brain natriuretic peptide, CBC= Complete blood count, COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRP= C-reactive protein, CT= Computed tomography, CXR= Chest X-ray, DVT= Deep vein thrombosis, ESR= Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, HRCT= High Resolution CT, IgE= Immunoglobulin E, LDH= Lactate dehydrogenase, PCWP= Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.

Diseases Cyanosis Clinical manifestations Para-clinical findings Gold standard Additional findings
Symptoms Physical examination
Lab Findings Imaging
Peripheral Central Dyspnea Fever Chest pain Clubbing Peripheral edema Auscultation CBC ABG Electrolytes Other X-ray CT scan Other
Pulmonary diseases Airway disorder Chronic bronchitis[1] - + + +/- +/- + - Rales, crackles, Wheeze Leukocytosis ↓O2, ↑CO2, Respiratory acidosis Hypokalemia, Hypernatremia Gram stain of sputum Elongated heart, Flattened diaphragms, Prominent hilar vasculature Bronchial wall thickening with increased bronchovascular markings - HRCT Productive cough, Chest tightness
Parenchymal disorder Alveolitis[2] +/- + + + + +/- - Wheeze, Crackles Leukocytosis, Eosinophilia ↓O2, ↑CO2 Normal ↑ESR, ↑CRP Scattered opacities, Fine reticulation Homogeneous ground-glass opacity - HRCT PLUS Clinical findings Malaise, Chills, Headache
Pneumonia[3] - + + + + +/- - Rales, Crackles, Wheeze, Pleural friction rub Leukocytosis with neutrophilia Normal Hyponatremia - Entire lobe consolidated, Air bronchograms Focal ground-glass opacity - HRCT Tachycardia, Bradycardia (Legionella)
Tuberculosis[4] - + + + + +/- - Reduced breath sounds, Wheeze, Inspiratory crackles Leukocytosis, ↑Lymphocyte ↓O2, ↑CO2 Hyponatremia, Hyperkalemia, Hypochloremia PPD, interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) Dense, homogeneous parenchymal consolidation Nodules with low-density centers and rim enhancement Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (FDG PET/CT) Sputum culture, QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) Loss of appetite, Night sweats
Hematologic diseases Polycythemia[5] + + + +/- +/- + - Normal ↑RBC, ↑WBC, ↑HGB, ↑Plt ↓O2 Hyperkalemia ↑Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, ↑Ferritin, ↑Erythropoietin AVM, COPD, pulmonary hypertension Normal Abdominal ultrasound or renal vascular studies for ruling out renal artery stenosis RBC mass (RCM) and plasma volume measurement Itchiness, Headache. Dizziness. Blurred vision

References

  1. ↑ Kim V, Criner GJ (2013). "Chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease". Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 187 (3): 228–37. doi:10.1164/rccm.201210-1843CI. PMC 4951627. PMID 23204254.
  2. ↑ Lee JS, Im JG, Ahn JM, Kim YM, Han MC (August 1992). "Fibrosing alveolitis: prognostic implication of ground-glass attenuation at high-resolution CT". Radiology. 184 (2): 451–4. doi:10.1148/radiology.184.2.1620846. PMID 1620846.
  3. ↑ Simonetti AF, Viasus D, Garcia-Vidal C, Carratalà J (2014). "Management of community-acquired pneumonia in older adults". Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1177/2049936113518041. PMC 4072047. PMID 25165554.
  4. ↑ Olalekan, Adebimpe Wasiu; Oluwaseun, Faremi Ayodeji; Oladele, Hassan Abdul-Wasiu; Akeem, Adeyemi Damilare (2015). "Evaluation of electrolyte imbalance among tuberculosis patients receiving treatments in Southwestern Nigeria". Alexandria Journal of Medicine. 51 (3): 255–260. doi:10.1016/j.ajme.2014.10.003. ISSN 2090-5068.
  5. ↑ Spivak JL (February 2002). "The optimal management of polycythaemia vera". Br. J. Haematol. 116 (2): 243–54. PMID 11841424.
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