Cardiomyopathy causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 16:41, 9 August 2013

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

There is a very wide range of factors that can cause cardiomyopathy, ranging from infectious causes, toxins, genetic causes and other disease processes.

Causes

Common Causes

Alcoholism

Amyloidosis

Anthracyclines

Beri-Beri (thiamine or vitamin B1)

Chagas disease

Cocaine abuse

Coxsackie virus

Diabetes Mellitus

Electrolyte imbalance

HIV

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, arterial calcification of infancy, Brugada syndrome, cardiac transplant rejection, cardiomyopathy-diabetes-deafness complex, cardiomyopathy-hypogonadism-metabolic anomalies complex, cardiomyopathy-renal anomalies, cardiomyopathy with myopathy due to COX deficiency, chronic tachycardia, coronary artery disease, endomyocardial fibrosis, eosinophilic endomyocardial disease, facio-cardio-musculo-skeletal syndrome, giant cell myocarditis, myocarditis, hypertension, prolonged QT syndrome, Loeffler endocarditis, Keshan disease, obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy-developmental delay, Naxos disease, x-linked dilated cardiomyopathy, x-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy, left ventricular noncompaction
Chemical / poisoning	Arsenic, Cobalt, Endothall, Ethanol, Lead, Thallium
Dermatologic	Familial cutaneous collagenoma, Lentiginosis, Dermatomyositis
Drug Side Effect	Aclarubicin, Anthracyclines, Bleomycin, Clozapine, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Idarubicin, Mitoxantrone, Paracetamol, Peplomycin, Tacrolimus, Tricyclic anti-depressant abuse
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Acromegaly, Cushing's Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperparathyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Pheochromocytoma, Pituitary tumor (growth hormone secreting), Cardiomyopathy - diabetes - deafness, Cardiomyopathy -- hypogonadism -- metabolic anomalies complex, Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay, Carcinoid syndrome
Environmental	Heatstroke, Hypothermia, Lightening strike
Gastroenterologic	Hemochromatosis, Hepatitis, Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay complex, Whipple's Disease
Genetic	Alpers Syndrome, Familial cardiomyopathy, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Sarcoglycanopathy, X-linked - fatal infantile Cardiomyopathy, Friedrich's Ataxia, Brugada syndrome
Hematologic	Cardiomyopathy -- spherocytosis
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Bacteria: Beta-hemolytic streptococci, Borrelia burgdorferi, Brucella, Diptheria, Enterococci , Leptospirosis, Lyme Disease, Pertussis, Psittacosis, Q Fever, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Staphylococcus, Syphilis, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Typhoid Fever, Rheumatic Fever Virus: Adenovirus, Arbovirus, Coxsackie virus A, Coxsackie virus B1-B5, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), ECHO virus (EnteroCytopathogenic Human Orphan viruses), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Flavivirus, HIV, Influenza, Measles, Mumps,Oral candidiasis, Polio, Rabies, Varicella-zoster virus Fungi: Aspergillosis, Blastomycosis, Coccidioidomycosis, Cryptococcosis, Histoplasmosis Parasites: African Sleeping sickness, Amebiasis, Ascariasis, Chagas disease, Cysticercosis, Filariasis, Leishmaniasis, Loeffler endocarditis, Malaria, Sarcosporidiosis, Schistosomiasis, Toxoplasmosis, Trichinosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Dermatomyositis, Arthrogryposis due to muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, Limb girdle muscular dystrophy, Mitochondrial myopathy, Muscular Dystrophy, Myotonic dystrophy, Recessive type Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, Kearns-Sayre Syndrome, Cardiomyopathy with myopathy due to COX deficency, Facio-cardio-musculo-skeletal syndrome, Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome
Neurologic	Friedrich's Ataxia, Kearns-Sayre Syndrome, Whipple's Disease, Alpers Syndrome, Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome, MELAS
Nutritional / Metabolic	3-methylglutaconic aciduria type 4, Beri-Beri (thiamine or vitamin B1), Carbohydrate deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1a, Carnitine deficiency, Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 deficiency, Carnitine transporter deficiency, Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ10) deficiency, Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency, Congenital disorder of glycosylation, Cytochrome C Oxidase deficiency, Fabry's Disease, Gangliosidosis, Gaucher's Disease, Glutaric acidemia type 2, Glycogen storage diseases, Gout, Hunter's Syndrome, Hurler's Syndrome, Keshan disease, Kwashiorkor, Malonic aciduria, MELAS, Neimann-Pick Disease, Niacin deficiency, Oxalosis, Porphyria, Refsum's disease, scurvy, Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency, Vitamin B deficiency, Vitamin D overdose , Hemochromatosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Peripartum cardiomyopathy
Oncologic	Angioma, Myxomas, Pituitary tumour (growth hormone secreting), Rhabdomyoma, Sarcoma, Leukemia, WAGR Syndrome, Carcinoid syndrome
Opthalmologic	Hand-Schuller-Christian Syndrome, Microphthalmia, syndromic 7, Myotonic dystrophy, WAGR Syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	Electrolyte imbalance, Hypocalcemia, Hypokalemia, Hypomagnesemia, Uremia, WAGR Syndrome, MELAS
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Polyarteritis nodosa, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Kawasaki's Disease, Gout
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Trauma
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Cocaine abuse, Alcoholism, Amyloidosis, Electric shock, Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, Immunoglobulinic amyloidosis, Irradiation, Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency, Obesity, physically and physiologically stress induced (tako-tsubo syndrome or "broken heart syndrome"), Toxic mushrooms -- cyclopeptides

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Genetic Causes of Cardiomyopathy

Phenotype	Inheritance Pattern	Chromosomal Locus	Gene	Protein	Skeletal Myopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy	X-linked	Xp21	dystrophin	Dystrophin	Duchenne / Becker muscular dystrophy
	X-linked	Xq28	G4.5	Tafazzin	Barth syndrome
	Autosomal dominant	15q14	actin	Actin	Nemaline myopathy
		2q35	desmin	Desmin	Desmin myopathy
		5q33	δ-sarcoglycan	δ-sarcoglycan	Limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2F
		1q32	Troponin T	Troponin T
		14q11	β-myosin heavy chain	β-myosin heavy chain
		15q2	α-tropomyosin	α-tropomyosin	Nemaline myopathy
		Midna	Mitochondrial respiratory chain	Mitochondrial respiratory chain	Mitochondrial myopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction disease	Autosomal dominant	1q21	lamin A/C	Lamin A/C	Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	Autosomal dominant	14q11	β-myosin heavy chain	β-myosin heavy chain
		14q11	β-myosin heavy chain	β-myosin heavy chain
		1q32	Troponin T	Troponin T
		12q23	Troponin T	Troponin T
		15q2	α-tropomyosin	α-tropomyosin	Nemaline myopathy
		11q11	myosin-binding protein C	myosin-binding protein C
		3p21	myosin essential light chain	myosin essential light chain
		3p21	myosin regulatory light chain	myosin regulatory light chain
		2p31	titin	Titin
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome		7q3	AMPK	AMPK
		MIDINA	Mitochondrial respiratory chain	Mitochondrial respiratory chain	Mitochondrial myopathy
Left ventricular noncompaction	X-linked	Xq28	G4.5	Tafazzin	Barth syndrome
	Autosomal dominant	18q12	α-dystrobrevin	α-dystrobrevin	Muscular dystrophy

Table from article *"The Failing Heart". Nature. June 15, 2007

References

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@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
 |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
-|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]], Arterial calcification of infancy, [[Brugada syndrome]], Cardiac transplant rejection, Cardiomyopathy - diabetes - deafness, Cardiomyopathy -- hypogonadism -- metabolic anomalies complex, Cardiomyopathy -- renal anomalies, Cardiomyopathy -- spherocytosis, Cardiomyopathy with myopathy due to COX deficency, [[Chronic tachycardia]], [[Congenital heart defect]], [[Coronary artery disease]], [[Endomyocardial fibrosis]], [[Eosinophilic endomyocardial disease]], Facio-cardio-musculo-skeletal syndrome, [[Giant Cell Myocarditis]], Inflammatory myocarditis, [[Kawasaki's Disease]], [[Myocarditis]], [[Poorly controlled hypertension]], [[Prolonged QT syndrome]], [[Rheumatic Fever]], [[Loeffler endocarditis]], [[Keshan disease]], Obesity -- colitis -- hypothyroidism -- cardiac hypertrophy -- developmental delay, [[Myotonic dystrophy]], Carcinoid heart disease
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia]], [[arterial calcification of infancy]], [[Brugada syndrome]], cardiac transplant rejection, cardiomyopathy-diabetes-deafness complex, cardiomyopathy-hypogonadism-metabolic anomalies complex, cardiomyopathy-renal anomalies, cardiomyopathy with myopathy due to COX deficiency, [[chronic tachycardia]], [[coronary artery disease]], [[endomyocardial fibrosis]], [[eosinophilic endomyocardial disease]], facio-cardio-musculo-skeletal syndrome, [[giant cell myocarditis]], [[myocarditis]], [[hypertension]], [[prolonged QT syndrome]], [[Loeffler endocarditis]], [[Keshan disease]], obesity-colitis-hypothyroidism-cardiac hypertrophy-developmental delay, [[Naxos disease]], x-linked dilated cardiomyopathy, x-linked fatal infantile cardiomyopathy, [[left ventricular noncompaction]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"