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'''M-phase inducer phosphatase 3''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''CDC25C'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid1703321">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gould KL, Moreno S, Tonks NK, Nurse P | title = Complementation of the mitotic activator, p80cdc25, by a human protein-tyrosine phosphatase | journal = Science | volume = 250 | issue = 4987 | pages = 1573–6 |date=Feb 1991 | pmid = 1703321 | pmc = | doi =10.1126/science.1703321 }}</ref> | '''M-phase inducer phosphatase 3''' is an [[enzyme]] that in humans is encoded by the ''CDC25C'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid1703321">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gould KL, Moreno S, Tonks NK, Nurse P | title = Complementation of the mitotic activator, p80cdc25, by a human protein-tyrosine phosphatase | journal = Science | volume = 250 | issue = 4987 | pages = 1573–6 |date=Feb 1991 | pmid = 1703321 | pmc = | doi =10.1126/science.1703321 | bibcode =1990Sci...250.1573G }}</ref> | ||
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==Interactions== | ==Interactions== | ||
CDC25C has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[MAPK14]],<ref name=pmid11333986>{{cite journal |last=Bulavin |first=D V |author2=Higashimoto Y|author3=Popoff I J|author4=Gaarde W A|author5=Basrur V|author6=Potapova O|author7=Appella E|author8=Fornace A J |date=May 2001 |title=Initiation of a G2/M checkpoint after ultraviolet radiation requires p38 kinase |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=411 |issue=6833 |pages=102–7 |publisher= |location = England| issn = 0028-0836| pmid = 11333986 |doi = 10.1038/35075107 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }}</ref> [[CHEK1]],<ref name=pmid9278511>{{cite journal |last=Sanchez |first=Y |author2=Wong C|author3=Thoma R S|author4=Richman R|author5=Wu Z|author6=Piwnica-Worms H|author7=Elledge S J |date=Sep 1997 |title=Conservation of the Chk1 checkpoint pathway in mammals: linkage of DNA damage to Cdk regulation through Cdc25 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=277 |issue=5331 |pages=1497–501 |publisher= |location = UNITED STATES| issn = 0036-8075| pmid = 9278511 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | doi = 10.1126/science.277.5331.1497 }}</ref> [[PCNA]],<ref name=pmid11896603>{{cite journal |last=Kawabe |first=Takumi |author2=Suganuma Masashi |author3=Ando Tomoaki |author4=Kimura Mayumi |author5=Hori Haruna |author6=Okamoto Takashi |date=Mar 2002 |title=Cdc25C interacts with PCNA at G2/M transition |journal=Oncogene |volume=21 |issue=11 |pages=1717–26 |publisher= |location = England| issn = 0950-9232| pmid = 11896603 |doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1205229 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }}</ref> [[PIN1]],<ref name=pmid9499405>{{cite journal |last=Shen |first=M |author2=Stukenberg P T|author3=Kirschner M W|author4=Lu K P |date=Mar 1998 |title=The essential mitotic peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 binds and regulates mitosis-specific phosphoproteins |journal=Genes Dev. |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=706–20 |publisher= |location = UNITED STATES| issn = 0890-9369| pmid = 9499405 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | doi = 10.1101/gad.12.5.706 | pmc = 316589 }}</ref><ref name=pmid11604498>{{cite journal |last=Goldstrohm |first=A C |author2=Albrecht T R|author3=Suñé C|author4=Bedford M T|author5=Garcia-Blanco M A |date=Nov 2001 |title=The transcription elongation factor CA150 interacts with RNA polymerase II and the pre-mRNA splicing factor SF1 |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=21 |issue=22 |pages=7617–28 |publisher= |location = United States| issn = 0270-7306| pmid = 11604498 |doi = 10.1128/MCB.21.22.7617-7628.2001 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | pmc = 99933 }}</ref><ref name=pmid10037602>{{cite journal |last=Lu |first=P J |author2=Zhou X Z|author3=Shen M|author4=Lu K P |date=Feb 1999 |title=Function of WW domains as phosphoserine- or phosphothreonine-binding modules |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=283 |issue=5406 |pages=1325–8 |publisher= |location = UNITED STATES| issn = 0036-8075| pmid = 10037602 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | doi = 10.1126/science.283.5406.1325 }}</ref> [[PLK3]]<ref name=pmid10557092>{{cite journal |last=Ouyang |first=B |author2=Li W|author3=Pan H|author4=Meadows J|author5=Hoffmann I|author6=Dai W |date=Oct 1999 |title=The physical association and phosphorylation of Cdc25C protein phosphatase by Prk |journal=Oncogene |volume=18 |issue=44 |pages=6029–36 |publisher= |location = ENGLAND| issn = 0950-9232| pmid = 10557092 |doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1202983 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }}</ref> and [[NEDD4]].<ref name=pmid10037602/> | CDC25C has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[MAPK14]],<ref name=pmid11333986>{{cite journal |last=Bulavin |first=D V |author2=Higashimoto Y|author3=Popoff I J|author4=Gaarde W A|author5=Basrur V|author6=Potapova O|author7=Appella E|author8=Fornace A J |date=May 2001 |title=Initiation of a G2/M checkpoint after ultraviolet radiation requires p38 kinase |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=411 |issue=6833 |pages=102–7 |publisher= |location = England| issn = 0028-0836| pmid = 11333986 |doi = 10.1038/35075107 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }}</ref> [[CHEK1]],<ref name=pmid9278511>{{cite journal |last=Sanchez |first=Y |author2=Wong C|author3=Thoma R S|author4=Richman R|author5=Wu Z|author6=Piwnica-Worms H|author7=Elledge S J |date=Sep 1997 |title=Conservation of the Chk1 checkpoint pathway in mammals: linkage of DNA damage to Cdk regulation through Cdc25 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=277 |issue=5331 |pages=1497–501 |publisher= |location = UNITED STATES| issn = 0036-8075| pmid = 9278511 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | doi = 10.1126/science.277.5331.1497 }}</ref> [[PCNA]],<ref name=pmid11896603>{{cite journal |last=Kawabe |first=Takumi |author2=Suganuma Masashi |author3=Ando Tomoaki |author4=Kimura Mayumi |author5=Hori Haruna |author6=Okamoto Takashi |date=Mar 2002 |title=Cdc25C interacts with PCNA at G2/M transition |journal=Oncogene |volume=21 |issue=11 |pages=1717–26 |publisher= |location = England| issn = 0950-9232| pmid = 11896603 |doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1205229 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }}</ref> [[PIN1]],<ref name=pmid9499405>{{cite journal |last=Shen |first=M |author2=Stukenberg P T|author3=Kirschner M W|author4=Lu K P |date=Mar 1998 |title=The essential mitotic peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 binds and regulates mitosis-specific phosphoproteins |journal=Genes Dev. |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=706–20 |publisher= |location = UNITED STATES| issn = 0890-9369| pmid = 9499405 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | doi = 10.1101/gad.12.5.706 | pmc = 316589 }}</ref><ref name=pmid11604498>{{cite journal |last=Goldstrohm |first=A C |author2=Albrecht T R|author3=Suñé C|author4=Bedford M T|author5=Garcia-Blanco M A |date=Nov 2001 |title=The transcription elongation factor CA150 interacts with RNA polymerase II and the pre-mRNA splicing factor SF1 |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=21 |issue=22 |pages=7617–28 |publisher= |location = United States| issn = 0270-7306| pmid = 11604498 |doi = 10.1128/MCB.21.22.7617-7628.2001 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | pmc = 99933 }}</ref><ref name=pmid10037602>{{cite journal |last=Lu |first=P J |author2=Zhou X Z|author3=Shen M|author4=Lu K P |date=Feb 1999 |title=Function of WW domains as phosphoserine- or phosphothreonine-binding modules |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=283 |issue=5406 |pages=1325–8 |publisher= |location = UNITED STATES| issn = 0036-8075| pmid = 10037602 | bibcode =1999Sci...283.1325L | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | doi = 10.1126/science.283.5406.1325 }}</ref> [[PLK3]]<ref name=pmid10557092>{{cite journal |last=Ouyang |first=B |author2=Li W|author3=Pan H|author4=Meadows J|author5=Hoffmann I|author6=Dai W |date=Oct 1999 |title=The physical association and phosphorylation of Cdc25C protein phosphatase by Prk |journal=Oncogene |volume=18 |issue=44 |pages=6029–36 |publisher= |location = ENGLAND| issn = 0950-9232| pmid = 10557092 |doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1202983 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = }}</ref> and [[NEDD4]].<ref name=pmid10037602/> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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*{{cite journal | vauthors=Nilsson I, Hoffmann I |title=Cell cycle regulation by the Cdc25 phosphatase family. |journal=Progress in cell cycle research |volume=4 |issue= |pages= 107–14 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10740819 |doi= 10.1007/978-1-4615-4253-7_10}} | *{{cite journal | vauthors=Nilsson I, Hoffmann I |title=Cell cycle regulation by the Cdc25 phosphatase family. |journal=Progress in cell cycle research |volume=4 |issue= |pages= 107–14 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10740819 |doi= 10.1007/978-1-4615-4253-7_10}} | ||
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Amini S, Khalili K, Sawaya BE |title=Effect of HIV-1 Vpr on cell cycle regulators. |journal=DNA Cell Biol. |volume=23 |issue= 4 |pages= 249–60 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15142382 |doi= 10.1089/104454904773819833 }} | *{{cite journal | vauthors=Amini S, Khalili K, Sawaya BE |title=Effect of HIV-1 Vpr on cell cycle regulators. |journal=DNA Cell Biol. |volume=23 |issue= 4 |pages= 249–60 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15142382 |doi= 10.1089/104454904773819833 }} | ||
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Kino T, Chrousos GP |title=Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 accessory protein Vpr: a causative agent of the AIDS-related insulin resistance/lipodystrophy syndrome? |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=1024 |issue= |pages= 153–67 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15265780 |doi= 10.1196/annals.1321.013 }} | *{{cite journal | vauthors=Kino T, Chrousos GP |title=Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 accessory protein Vpr: a causative agent of the AIDS-related insulin resistance/lipodystrophy syndrome? |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=1024 |issue= |pages= 153–67 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15265780 |doi= 10.1196/annals.1321.013 |bibcode=2004NYASA1024..153K }} | ||
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Andersen JL, Planelles V |title=The role of Vpr in HIV-1 pathogenesis. |journal=Curr. HIV Res. |volume=3 |issue= 1 |pages= 43–51 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15638722 |doi=10.2174/1570162052772988 }} | *{{cite journal | vauthors=Andersen JL, Planelles V |title=The role of Vpr in HIV-1 pathogenesis. |journal=Curr. HIV Res. |volume=3 |issue= 1 |pages= 43–51 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15638722 |doi=10.2174/1570162052772988 }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Sartor H |title=Assignment of two human cell cycle genes, CDC25C and CCNB1, to 5q31 and 5q12, respectively |journal=Genomics |volume=13 |issue= 3 |pages= 911–2 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1386342 |doi=10.1016/0888-7543(92)90190-4 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Ehlert F | author3=Grzeschik KH | display-authors=3 | last4=Mu¨Ller | first4=Rolf | last5=Adolph | first5=Sabine }} | *{{cite journal | author=Sartor H |title=Assignment of two human cell cycle genes, CDC25C and CCNB1, to 5q31 and 5q12, respectively |journal=Genomics |volume=13 |issue= 3 |pages= 911–2 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1386342 |doi=10.1016/0888-7543(92)90190-4 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Ehlert F | author3=Grzeschik KH | display-authors=3 | last4=Mu¨Ller | first4=Rolf | last5=Adolph | first5=Sabine }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Strausfeld U |title=Dephosphorylation and activation of a p34cdc2/cyclin B complex in vitro by human CDC25 protein |journal=Nature |volume=351 |issue= 6323 |pages= 242–5 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1828290 |doi= 10.1038/351242a0 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Labbé JC | author3=Fesquet D | display-authors=3 | last4=Cavadore | first4=J. C. | last5=Picard | first5=A. | last6=Sadhu | first6=K. | last7=Russell | first7=P. | last8=Dorée | first8=M. }} | *{{cite journal | author=Strausfeld U |title=Dephosphorylation and activation of a p34cdc2/cyclin B complex in vitro by human CDC25 protein |journal=Nature |volume=351 |issue= 6323 |pages= 242–5 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1828290 |doi= 10.1038/351242a0 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Labbé JC | author3=Fesquet D | display-authors=3 | last4=Cavadore | first4=J. C. | last5=Picard | first5=A. | last6=Sadhu | first6=K. | last7=Russell | first7=P. | last8=Dorée | first8=M. |bibcode=1991Natur.351..242S}} | ||
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Galaktionov K, Beach D |title=Specific activation of cdc25 tyrosine phosphatases by B-type cyclins: evidence for multiple roles of mitotic cyclins |journal=Cell |volume=67 |issue= 6 |pages= 1181–94 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1836978 |doi=10.1016/0092-8674(91)90294-9 }} | *{{cite journal | vauthors=Galaktionov K, Beach D |title=Specific activation of cdc25 tyrosine phosphatases by B-type cyclins: evidence for multiple roles of mitotic cyclins |journal=Cell |volume=67 |issue= 6 |pages= 1181–94 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1836978 |doi=10.1016/0092-8674(91)90294-9 }} | ||
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Sadhu K, Reed SI, Richardson H, Russell P |title=Human homolog of fission yeast cdc25 mitotic inducer is predominantly expressed in G2 |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=87 |issue= 13 |pages= 5139–43 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2195549 |doi=10.1073/pnas.87.13.5139 | pmc=54277 }} | *{{cite journal | vauthors=Sadhu K, Reed SI, Richardson H, Russell P |title=Human homolog of fission yeast cdc25 mitotic inducer is predominantly expressed in G2 |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=87 |issue= 13 |pages= 5139–43 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2195549 |doi=10.1073/pnas.87.13.5139 | pmc=54277 |bibcode=1990PNAS...87.5139S }} | ||
*{{cite journal | vauthors=Re F, Braaten D, Franke EK, Luban J |title=Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr arrests the cell cycle in G2 by inhibiting the activation of p34cdc2-cyclin B |journal=J. Virol. |volume=69 |issue= 11 |pages= 6859–64 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7474100 |doi= | pmc=189600 }} | *{{cite journal | vauthors=Re F, Braaten D, Franke EK, Luban J |title=Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr arrests the cell cycle in G2 by inhibiting the activation of p34cdc2-cyclin B |journal=J. Virol. |volume=69 |issue= 11 |pages= 6859–64 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7474100 |doi= | pmc=189600 }} | ||
*{{cite journal | author=Zwicker J |title=Cell cycle regulation of cdc25C transcription is mediated by the periodic repression of the glutamine-rich activators NF-Y and Sp1 |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=23 |issue= 19 |pages= 3822–30 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7479023 |doi=10.1093/nar/23.19.3822 | pmc=307297 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Gross C | author3=Lucibello FC | display-authors=3 | last4=Truss | first4=Mathias | last5=Ehiert | first5=Frauke | last6=Engeland | first6=Kurt | last7=Müller | first7=Rolf }} | *{{cite journal | author=Zwicker J |title=Cell cycle regulation of cdc25C transcription is mediated by the periodic repression of the glutamine-rich activators NF-Y and Sp1 |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=23 |issue= 19 |pages= 3822–30 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7479023 |doi=10.1093/nar/23.19.3822 | pmc=307297 |name-list-format=vanc| author2=Gross C | author3=Lucibello FC | display-authors=3 | last4=Truss | first4=Mathias | last5=Ehiert | first5=Frauke | last6=Engeland | first6=Kurt | last7=Müller | first7=Rolf }} | ||
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M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDC25C gene.[1]
This gene is highly conserved during evolution and it plays a key role in the regulation of cell division. The encoded protein is a tyrosine phosphatase and belongs to the Cdc25 phosphatase family. It directs dephosphorylation of cyclin B-bound CDC2 (CDK1) and triggers entry into mitosis. It is also thought to suppress p53-induced growth arrest. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, however, the full-length nature of many of them is not known.[2]
Interactions
CDC25C has been shown to interact with MAPK14,[3] CHEK1,[4] PCNA,[5] PIN1,[6][7][8] PLK3[9] and NEDD4.[8]
See also
References
- ↑ Gould KL, Moreno S, Tonks NK, Nurse P (Feb 1991). "Complementation of the mitotic activator, p80cdc25, by a human protein-tyrosine phosphatase". Science. 250 (4987): 1573–6. Bibcode:1990Sci...250.1573G. doi:10.1126/science.1703321. PMID 1703321.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: CDC25C cell division cycle 25 homolog C (S. pombe)".
- ↑ Bulavin, D V; Higashimoto Y; Popoff I J; Gaarde W A; Basrur V; Potapova O; Appella E; Fornace A J (May 2001). "Initiation of a G2/M checkpoint after ultraviolet radiation requires p38 kinase". Nature. England. 411 (6833): 102–7. doi:10.1038/35075107. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 11333986.
- ↑ Sanchez, Y; Wong C; Thoma R S; Richman R; Wu Z; Piwnica-Worms H; Elledge S J (Sep 1997). "Conservation of the Chk1 checkpoint pathway in mammals: linkage of DNA damage to Cdk regulation through Cdc25". Science. UNITED STATES. 277 (5331): 1497–501. doi:10.1126/science.277.5331.1497. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 9278511.
- ↑ Kawabe, Takumi; Suganuma Masashi; Ando Tomoaki; Kimura Mayumi; Hori Haruna; Okamoto Takashi (Mar 2002). "Cdc25C interacts with PCNA at G2/M transition". Oncogene. England. 21 (11): 1717–26. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205229. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 11896603.
- ↑ Shen, M; Stukenberg P T; Kirschner M W; Lu K P (Mar 1998). "The essential mitotic peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 binds and regulates mitosis-specific phosphoproteins". Genes Dev. UNITED STATES. 12 (5): 706–20. doi:10.1101/gad.12.5.706. ISSN 0890-9369. PMC 316589. PMID 9499405.
- ↑ Goldstrohm, A C; Albrecht T R; Suñé C; Bedford M T; Garcia-Blanco M A (Nov 2001). "The transcription elongation factor CA150 interacts with RNA polymerase II and the pre-mRNA splicing factor SF1". Mol. Cell. Biol. United States. 21 (22): 7617–28. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.22.7617-7628.2001. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 99933. PMID 11604498.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lu, P J; Zhou X Z; Shen M; Lu K P (Feb 1999). "Function of WW domains as phosphoserine- or phosphothreonine-binding modules". Science. UNITED STATES. 283 (5406): 1325–8. Bibcode:1999Sci...283.1325L. doi:10.1126/science.283.5406.1325. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 10037602.
- ↑ Ouyang, B; Li W; Pan H; Meadows J; Hoffmann I; Dai W (Oct 1999). "The physical association and phosphorylation of Cdc25C protein phosphatase by Prk". Oncogene. ENGLAND. 18 (44): 6029–36. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202983. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 10557092.
External links
- Human CDC25C genome location and CDC25C gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Further reading
- Draetta G, Eckstein J (1997). "Cdc25 protein phosphatases in cell proliferation". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1332 (2): M53–63. doi:10.1016/S0304-419X(96)00049-2. PMID 9141461.
- Nilsson I, Hoffmann I (2000). "Cell cycle regulation by the Cdc25 phosphatase family". Progress in cell cycle research. 4: 107–14. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4253-7_10. PMID 10740819.
- Amini S, Khalili K, Sawaya BE (2004). "Effect of HIV-1 Vpr on cell cycle regulators". DNA Cell Biol. 23 (4): 249–60. doi:10.1089/104454904773819833. PMID 15142382.
- Kino T, Chrousos GP (2004). "Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 accessory protein Vpr: a causative agent of the AIDS-related insulin resistance/lipodystrophy syndrome?". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1024: 153–67. Bibcode:2004NYASA1024..153K. doi:10.1196/annals.1321.013. PMID 15265780.
- Andersen JL, Planelles V (2005). "The role of Vpr in HIV-1 pathogenesis". Curr. HIV Res. 3 (1): 43–51. doi:10.2174/1570162052772988. PMID 15638722.
- Sartor H, Ehlert F, Grzeschik KH, et al. (1992). "Assignment of two human cell cycle genes, CDC25C and CCNB1, to 5q31 and 5q12, respectively". Genomics. 13 (3): 911–2. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90190-4. PMID 1386342.
- Strausfeld U, Labbé JC, Fesquet D, et al. (1991). "Dephosphorylation and activation of a p34cdc2/cyclin B complex in vitro by human CDC25 protein". Nature. 351 (6323): 242–5. Bibcode:1991Natur.351..242S. doi:10.1038/351242a0. PMID 1828290.
- Galaktionov K, Beach D (1992). "Specific activation of cdc25 tyrosine phosphatases by B-type cyclins: evidence for multiple roles of mitotic cyclins". Cell. 67 (6): 1181–94. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90294-9. PMID 1836978.
- Sadhu K, Reed SI, Richardson H, Russell P (1990). "Human homolog of fission yeast cdc25 mitotic inducer is predominantly expressed in G2". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (13): 5139–43. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.5139S. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.13.5139. PMC 54277. PMID 2195549.
- Re F, Braaten D, Franke EK, Luban J (1995). "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr arrests the cell cycle in G2 by inhibiting the activation of p34cdc2-cyclin B". J. Virol. 69 (11): 6859–64. PMC 189600. PMID 7474100.
- Zwicker J, Gross C, Lucibello FC, et al. (1995). "Cell cycle regulation of cdc25C transcription is mediated by the periodic repression of the glutamine-rich activators NF-Y and Sp1". Nucleic Acids Res. 23 (19): 3822–30. doi:10.1093/nar/23.19.3822. PMC 307297. PMID 7479023.
- Di Marzio P, Choe S, Ebright M, et al. (1996). "Mutational analysis of cell cycle arrest, nuclear localization and virion packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr". J. Virol. 69 (12): 7909–16. PMC 189735. PMID 7494303.
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