Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
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Overview
| Intervention: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt | ||
|---|---|---|
| ICD-10 code: | ||
| ICD-9 code: | 39.1 | |
| Other codes: | ||
A transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, also TIPS, is an artificial channel in the liver from the portal vein to a hepatic vein (for blood). It is created endovascularly (via the blood vessels) by physicians via the jugular vein.
It is used to treat portal hypertension (which often is due to scarring of the liver (liver cirrhosis)) which frequently leads to intestinal bleeding (esophageal varices) or the buildup of fluid within the abdomen (ascites).
Mechanism of action
A TIPS decreases the effective vascular resistance of the liver. The result is a reduced pressure drop over the liver and a decreased portal venous pressure. This, in turn, lessens the pressure on the blood vessels in the intestine so that future bleeding is less likely to occur. The reduced pressure also makes less fluid develop, although this benefit may take weeks or months to occur.
Implantation
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts are typically placed by interventional radiologists under fluoroscopic guidance.[1] Access to the liver, as the name transjugular suggests, is gained via the jugular vein in the neck. Once access to the jugular vein is confirmed, a guidewire and introducer sheath is typically placed to facilitate the shunt's placement. This enables the interventional radiologist to gain access to the patient's liver vein (hepatic vein) by passing through the heart. The shunt is created by advancing a special needle through the sheath system to connect the hepatic vein to the large vein near the center of the liver, the portal vein. The channel for the shunt is next created by inflating an angioplasty balloon within the liver along the tract of created by the needle. The shunt is completed by placing a special mesh tube known as a stent or endograft to establish the connection between the high pressure portal vein with the lower pressure hepatic vein. After the procedure, fluoroscopic images are made to show placement and pressure measurements in the portal vein and inferior vena cava are often done.
Use in hepatorenal syndrome
TIPS has shown some promise for patients with hepatorenal syndrome.[1]
Complications
A complication of umbilical hernia has been recently reported.[1]
See also
Reference
External links
- Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt - eMedicine.com.
- A schematic representation of a TIPS - University of Michigan.
Health Science – Medicine - Surgery - Vascular surgery procedures | |
|---|---|
| Aortic aneurysm / dissection | Open AAA repair - Endoluminal AAA repair (EVAR) |
| Carotid stenosis | Carotid endarterectomy - Carotid stenting |
| Varicose veins | Ambulatory phlebectomy - Laser ablation - Sclerotherapy - Vein stripping |
| Peripheral arterial occlusive disease | Angioplasty with/out Stenting - Balloon embolectomy - Peripheral arterial bypass surgery - Thrombectomy |
| Liver cirrhosis | Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) - Distal splenorenal shunt procedure |
| Other vascular procedures | Venous cutdown - Cardiopulmonary bypass - Cardioplegia - Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
