Parkinson's disease risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of Parkinson disease include family history, depression, exposure to pesticides, high consumption of dairy diet, Vitamin D deficiency, history of brain trauma, history of migraine with aura, history of anemia, using of well water, excess intake of iron and manganese, Obesity, exposure to hydrocarbons solvents and low muscle strength.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors
Common risk factors in the development of Parkinson disease are:
- Family history[1]
- Depression[2]
- Exposure to pesticides[1]
- high consumption of dairy diet[3]
- Vitamin D deficiency[4]
- History of brain trauma[5]
- History of migraine with aura[6]
- History of anemia[7]
- Using of well water[8]
- Excess intake of iron and manganese[9]
- Obesity[10]
- Exposure to hydrocarbons solvents[11]
- Low muscle strength[12]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Noyce AJ, Bestwick JP, Silveira-Moriyama L, Hawkes CH, Giovannoni G, Lees AJ, Schrag A (December 2012). "Meta-analysis of early nonmotor features and risk factors for Parkinson disease". Ann. Neurol. 72 (6): 893–901. doi:10.1002/ana.23687. PMC 3556649. PMID 23071076.
- ↑ Gustafsson H, Nordström A, Nordström P (June 2015). "Depression and subsequent risk of Parkinson disease: A nationwide cohort study". Neurology. 84 (24): 2422–9. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001684. PMC 4478031. PMID 25995056.
- ↑ Jiang W, Ju C, Jiang H, Zhang D (September 2014). "Dairy foods intake and risk of Parkinson's disease: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies". Eur. J. Epidemiol. 29 (9): 613–9. doi:10.1007/s10654-014-9921-4. PMID 24894826.
- ↑ Lv Z, Qi H, Wang L, Fan X, Han F, Wang H, Bi S (November 2014). "Vitamin D status and Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Neurol. Sci. 35 (11): 1723–30. doi:10.1007/s10072-014-1821-6. PMID 24847960.
- ↑ Jafari S, Etminan M, Aminzadeh F, Samii A (August 2013). "Head injury and risk of Parkinson disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Mov. Disord. 28 (9): 1222–9. doi:10.1002/mds.25458. PMID 23609436.
- ↑ Scher AI, Ross GW, Sigurdsson S, Garcia M, Gudmundsson LS, Sveinbjörnsdóttir S, Wagner AK, Gudnason V, Launer LJ (September 2014). "Midlife migraine and late-life parkinsonism: AGES-Reykjavik study". Neurology. 83 (14): 1246–52. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000840. PMC 4180488. PMID 25230997.
- ↑ Savica R, Grossardt BR, Carlin JM, Icen M, Bower JH, Ahlskog JE, Maraganore DM, Steensma DP, Rocca WA (October 2009). "Anemia or low hemoglobin levels preceding Parkinson disease: a case-control study". Neurology. 73 (17): 1381–7. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181bd80c1. PMC 2769554. PMID 19858460.
- ↑ Petrovitch H, Ross GW, Abbott RD, Sanderson WT, Sharp DS, Tanner CM, Masaki KH, Blanchette PL, Popper JS, Foley D, Launer L, White LR (November 2002). "Plantation work and risk of Parkinson disease in a population-based longitudinal study". Arch. Neurol. 59 (11): 1787–92. PMID 12433267.
- ↑ Powers KM, Smith-Weller T, Franklin GM, Longstreth WT, Swanson PD, Checkoway H (June 2003). "Parkinson's disease risks associated with dietary iron, manganese, and other nutrient intakes". Neurology. 60 (11): 1761–6. PMID 12796527.
- ↑ Hu G, Jousilahti P, Nissinen A, Antikainen R, Kivipelto M, Tuomilehto J (December 2006). "Body mass index and the risk of Parkinson disease". Neurology. 67 (11): 1955–9. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000247052.18422.e5. PMID 17159100.
- ↑ Goldman SM, Quinlan PJ, Ross GW, Marras C, Meng C, Bhudhikanok GS, Comyns K, Korell M, Chade AR, Kasten M, Priestley B, Chou KL, Fernandez HH, Cambi F, Langston JW, Tanner CM (June 2012). "Solvent exposures and Parkinson disease risk in twins". Ann. Neurol. 71 (6): 776–84. doi:10.1002/ana.22629. PMC 3366287. PMID 22083847.
- ↑ Gustafsson H, Aasly J, Stråhle S, Nordström A, Nordström P (May 2015). "Low muscle strength in late adolescence and Parkinson disease later in life". Neurology. 84 (18): 1862–9. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000001534. PMC 4433465. PMID 25841033.