Male oral contraceptive
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A male oral contraceptive is not medically available to the public, although several forms are in various stages of research and development.[citation needed]
Botanical compounds
- In 1980, a test was successfully performed on male rats using leaves from the neem tree.[1]
- In 1995, researchers isolated compounds from a Chinese plant called Tripterygium wilfordii.[2]
- In 2002, researchers fed extracts from the seeds of papaya fruits (Carica papaya) to monkeys. Subsequently, the monkeys had no sperm in their ejaculate. [3]
- In 2002, tests were performed on male rats using oleanolic acid, extracted from Eugenia jambolana, a tree in the southern part of Africa. The tests demonstrated that the chemical was found to reversibly lower the rats' sperm motility without affecting the sperm count.[4]
- Pills made from gossypol, a compound found in cotton seeds, have been abandoned as a potential male contraceptive because the compound was proven to cause permanent infertility.[5]
Pharmaceutical tests
- Calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine may cause reversible infertility by altering the lipid metabolism of sperm so that they are not able to fertilize an egg.[6]
Research on sperm
- Dr. George Witman has performed research on sperm tail proteins required for motility.[7]
- Dr. David Claphamhas performed research on sperm-specific ion exchange channels needed for hyperactivation.[8]
- Dr. Joseph Hall performed research on sperm head enzymes needed to recognize an egg.[9]
References
- ↑ Male antifertility activity of Azadirachta Indica ...[J Postgrad Med. 1980] - PubMed Result
- ↑ Recent progress in research on Tripterygium: a mal...[Contraception. 1995] - PubMed Result
- ↑ Chloroform extract of Carica papaya seeds induces ...[Asian J Androl. 2002] - PubMed Result
- ↑ The effect of oleanolic acid on sperm motion chara...[Lab Anim. 2002] - PubMed Result
- ↑ Gossypol: a contraceptive for men. [Contraception. 2002] - PubMed Result
- ↑ Pregnancy following discontinuation of a calcium c...[Hum Reprod. 1995] - PubMed Result
- ↑ Novel role for a sterol response element binding p...[Mol Cell Biol. 2004] - PubMed Result
- ↑ CatSper1 required for evoked Ca2+ entry and contro...[Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003] - PubMed Result
- ↑ Purification and characterization of protein D/E, ...[Prep Biochem Biotechnol. 1997] - PubMed Result
- “An oral regimen of cyproterone acetate and testosterone undecanoate for spermatogenic suppression in men” by MC Meriggiola et al. in Fertility and Sterility, November 1997.
- “Inhibition of spermatogenesis in men using various combinations of oral progestagens and percutaneous or oral androgens” by JF Guerin and J Rollet in the International Journal of Andrology, June 1988.
- “Recent progress in research on Tripterygium: a male antifertility plant” by QS Zhen [sic] et al. in Contraception, February 1995.
- “Chloroform extract of Carica papaya seeds induces long-term reversible azoospermia in langur monkey” by NK Lohiya et al. in the Asian Journal of Andrology, March 2002.
- “The effect of oleanolic acid on sperm motion characteristics and fertility of male Wistar rats” by MC Mdhluli and G van der Horst in Laboratory Animal, October 2002.
- “Male antifertility activity of Azadirachta indica in mice” by VY Deshpande et al. in the Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, July 1980.
- “Gossypol: a contraceptive for men” by E Coutinho in Contraception, April 2002.
- “Pregnancy following discontinuation of a calcium channel blocker in the male partner” by A Hershlag et al. in Human Reproduction, March 1995.
- “Long-term non-hormonal male contraception in mice using N-butyldeoxynojirimycin” by CM Walden et al. in Human Reproduction, May 2006.
- “AF-2364 [1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carbohydrazide is a potential male contraceptive: a review of recent data”] by CY Cheng et al. in Contraception, October 2005.
- “Novel role for a sterol response element binding protein in directing spermatogenic cell-specific gene expression” by H Wang et al. in Molecular and Cellular Biology, December 2004.
- “CatSper1 required for evoked Ca2+ entry and control of flagellar function in sperm” by AE Carlson et al. in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, December 2003.
- “Purification and characterization of protein D/E, a putative sperm-binding protein involved in fertilization” by JC Hall and CE Tubbs in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, November 1997.
See also
Birth control | |
|---|---|
| Comparison: | Comparison of birth control methods |
| Behavioral: | Avoiding vaginal intercourse: Anal sex, Oral sex, Non-penetrative sex, Masturbation, Abstinence Including vaginal intercourse: Fertility awareness, Rhythm Method, Withdrawal, Breastfeeding infertility |
| Barrier: | Condom, Female condom, Diaphragm, Cervical cap, Lea's Shield |
| Spermicide: | Contraceptive sponge |
| Hormonal: | Combined: Combined oral contraceptive pill ('the Pill'), Contraceptive patch, NuvaRing, Combined injectable contraceptive Progestogen only: Progestogen only pill ('minipill'), Depo-Provera, Norplant/Jadelle, Implanon |
| Anti-estrogen: | Ormeloxifene (a.k.a. Centchroman) |
| Intra-uterine: | IUD (copper or progestogen), IUS (progestogen) |
| Post-intercourse: | Contraception: Emergency contraception (pills or copper IUD) Abortion: Surgical abortion, Medical abortion (RU-486/abortion pill) |
| Sterilization: | Male: Vasectomy Female: Tubal ligation, Essure |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
