Graft-versus-host disease physical examination
|
Graft-versus-host disease |
|
Differentiating Graft-versus-host disease from other Diseases |
|---|
|
Diagnosis |
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Graft-versus-host disease physical examination On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Graft-versus-host disease physical examination |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Graft-versus-host disease physical examination |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Shyam Patel [2]
Overview
The physical exam for GvHD focuses on the organ involved, including the skin, liver, and GI tract. Rash and hyperpigmentation are the most common skin exam findings. Jaundice and abdominal tenderness are the most common liver and GI tract exam findings. The lungs or eyes can also be involved in more rare cases. A detailed physical exam is important for an accurate assessment of GvHD diagnosis and for assessment of the severity of the disease.
Physical Examination
Skin
- Erythema[1]
- Maculopapular rash[1]
- Hyperpigmentation[1]
- Lichen planus-like lesions[1]
- Bullae[2]
- Desquamation[2]
Liver
- Jaundice[1]
- Pruritis[1]
- Scleral icterus[1]
- Leg swelling[1]
- Tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen[1]
- Bleeding from coagulopathy[1]
- Signs of cholestatic hepatitis[1]
GI tract
- Abdominal tenderness
- Diarrhea
- Hyperactive or hypoactive bowel sounds
- Anorexia[3]
- Early satiety[3]
Lungs
- Decreased breath sounds
- Crackles (if fluid fills the alveolar space)
Other organs
Other physical exam findings are based on the particular organ involved.
- Eye: If there is evidence of ocular GvHD, a full ophthalmologic exam should be done.[4] Ocular GvHD can occur in up to 60% of patients, but the clinical exam findings and severity of disease is variable from patient to patient. Findings in ocular GvHD include:
- Ocular perforation
- Conjunctival damage
- Keratopathy (corneal damage),
- Dry eyes
- Milphosis (Loss of eyelashes)
Multiple layers of the eye can be affected, including the lid, lacrimal glands, and choroid.[2] Fluorescein staining of the eye can be performed.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Socié G, Ritz J (2014). "Current issues in chronic graft-versus-host disease". Blood. 124 (3): 374–84. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-01-514752. PMC 4102710. PMID 24914139.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nassar A, Tabbara KF, Aljurf M (2013). "Ocular manifestations of graft-versus-host disease". Saudi J Ophthalmol. 27 (3): 215–22. doi:10.1016/j.sjopt.2013.06.007. PMC 3770225. PMID 24227989.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 McDonald GB (2016). "How I treat acute graft-versus-host disease of the gastrointestinal tract and the liver". Blood. 127 (12): 1544–50. doi:10.1182/blood-2015-10-612747. PMC 4807421. PMID 26729898.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Herretes S, Ross DB, Duffort S, Barreras H, Yaohong T, Saeed AM; et al. (2015). "Recruitment of Donor T Cells to the Eyes During Ocular GVHD in Recipients of MHC-Matched Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants". Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 56 (4): 2348–57. doi:10.1167/iovs.14-15630. PMC 4406104. PMID 25655798.