Beriberi history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, MD[2]
Overview
The symptoms of beriberi are usually vague and therefore, the diagnosis must be considered in the clinical and geographical contexts. Common symptoms for wet beriberi include tachycardia, respiratory distress, and edema, while common symptoms for dry beriberi include parasthesia, muscle pain, weakness.
History and Symptoms
History of Beriberi
- The majority of beriberi patients usually have no specific symptoms of beriberi.
- Therefore, detailed history in the clinical and geographical context is valuable in these patients.
- The patient should be asked about his diet regimen, alcohol consumption rate, and any surgeries in the past period.
- Family history may be present in rare cases with genetic beriberi in which a genetic mutation interferes with thiamine absorption.
Symptoms of Beriberi
- Cardiovascular or wet beriberi is manifested by cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure with high cardiac output.[1]
- Palpitations
- Respiratory distress
- Edema of the legs
- Severe lactic acidosis.
- Neurological or dry beriberi is manifested by polyneuritis (sometimes paralysis) that typically starts in the lower limbs and progresses to the upper limbs,
- Parathesia
- Muscle weakness and muscle pain[2]
- Convulsions.
- Gastrointestinal symptoms are due to delayed gastric emptying and colon dilation.
- Loss of appetite,
- Vague abdominal complaints
- Constipation
- Nausea and vomiting in advanced stages.
- Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome:
- Wernicke's disease is a triad of nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia, along with confusion.
- Korsakoff's psychosis is impaired short-term memory and confabulation with otherwise grossly normal cognition.
- This combination is almost exclusively described in chronic alcoholics with thiamine deficiency.[3][4]
References
- ↑ Chisolm-Straker M, Cherkas D (2013). "Altered and unstable: wet beriberi, a clinical review". J Emerg Med. 45 (3): 341–4. doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.04.022. PMID 23849362.
- ↑ Shible AA, Ramadurai D, Gergen D, Reynolds PM (2019). "Dry Beriberi Due to Thiamine Deficiency Associated with Peripheral Neuropathy and Wernicke's Encephalopathy Mimicking Guillain-Barré syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature". Am J Case Rep. 20: 330–334. doi:10.12659/AJCR.914051. PMC 6429982. PMID 30862772.
- ↑ Shible AA, Ramadurai D, Gergen D, Reynolds PM (2019). "Dry Beriberi Due to Thiamine Deficiency Associated with Peripheral Neuropathy and Wernicke's Encephalopathy Mimicking Guillain-Barré syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature". Am J Case Rep. 20: 330–334. doi:10.12659/AJCR.914051. PMC 6429982. PMID 30862772.
- ↑ Chandrakumar A, Bhardwaj A, 't Jong GW (2018). "Review of thiamine deficiency disorders: Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff psychosis". J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 30 (2): 153–162. doi:10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0075. PMID 30281514.