Autoimmune disease

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Autoimmune diseases Classification and external resources
ICD-9	279.4
OMIM	109100
DiseasesDB	28805
MedlinePlus	000816
MeSH	D001327

WikiDoc Resources for Autoimmune disease
Articles
Most recent articles on Autoimmune disease Most cited articles on Autoimmune disease Review articles on Autoimmune disease Articles on Autoimmune disease in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Autoimmune disease Images of Autoimmune disease Photos of Autoimmune disease Podcasts & MP3s on Autoimmune disease Videos on Autoimmune disease
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Autoimmune disease Bandolier on Autoimmune disease TRIP on Autoimmune disease
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Autoimmune disease at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Autoimmune disease Clinical Trials on Autoimmune disease at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Autoimmune disease NICE Guidance on Autoimmune disease NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Autoimmune disease CDC on Autoimmune disease
Books
Books on Autoimmune disease
News
Autoimmune disease in the news Be alerted to news on Autoimmune disease News trends on Autoimmune disease
Commentary
Blogs on Autoimmune disease
Definitions
Definitions of Autoimmune disease
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Autoimmune disease Discussion groups on Autoimmune disease Patient Handouts on Autoimmune disease Directions to Hospitals Treating Autoimmune disease Risk calculators and risk factors for Autoimmune disease
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Autoimmune disease Causes & Risk Factors for Autoimmune disease Diagnostic studies for Autoimmune disease Treatment of Autoimmune disease
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Autoimmune disease
International
Autoimmune disease en Espanol Autoimmune disease en Francais
Business
Autoimmune disease in the Marketplace Patents on Autoimmune disease
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Autoimmune disease

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Overview

Autoimmune diseases arise from an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. In other words, the body attacks its own cells. This may be restricted to certain organs (e.g. in thyroiditis) or involve a particular tissue in different places (e.g. Goodpasture's disease which may affect the basement membrane in both the lung and the kidney). The treatment of autoimmune diseases is typically with immunosuppression—medication which decreases the immune response.

Occurrence and onset

Hormone levels have been shown to affect the severity of some autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.^[1] Other causes may include the presence of fetal cells in the maternal bloodstream, i.e. microchimerism. ^[2]

Autoimmune diseases

It is possible to classify autoimmune diseases by corresponding type of hypersensitivity: type II, type III, or type IV. (No type of autoimmune disease mimics type I hypersensitivity.)^[3]

Name	Accepted/ suspected	Hypersensitivity	Autoantibody
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)	Accepted[4]
Addison's disease	Accepted[4]
Alopecia areata	Accepted[4]
Ankylosing spondylitis	Doubtful[4]
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS)	Accepted[4]
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia	Accepted[5]	II
Autoimmune hepatitis	Accepted[4]		Anti-Smooth Muscle Actin
Autoimmune inner ear disease	Suspected[6]
Bullous pemphigoid	Accepted[5]	II	Anti-Bullous Pemphigoid Antigen 1 and 2 (Hemidesmosome antigens)
Coeliac disease	Accepted[7][8][9]	IV??	Anti-transglutaminase
Chagas disease	Suspected[10]
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	Suspected[11] [12]
Crohns Disease (one of two types of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease "IBD")	Accepted[4]	IV
Dermatomyositis	Accepted[13]
Diabetes mellitus type 1	Accepted[4]	IV
Endometriosis	Suspected[14]
Goodpasture's syndrome	Accepted[4]	II	Anti-Basement Membrane Collagen Type IV Protein
Graves' disease	Accepted[4]	II
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)	Accepted[4]	IV	Anti-ganglioside
Hashimoto's disease	Accepted[4]	IV
Hidradenitis suppurativa	Suspected[15]
Kawasaki disease	Suspected
IgA nephropathy	Suspected
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura	Accepted[4]	II
Interstitial cystitis	Suspected[16]
Lupus erythematosus	Accepted[4]	III
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease	Accepted[4]
Morphea	Suspected[17]
Multiple sclerosis (MS)	Accepted[4]	IV	Anti-Myelin Basic Protein
Myasthenia gravis	Accepted[4]	II
Narcolepsy	Suspected[18]
Neuromyotonia	Suspected[19]
Pemphigus Vulgaris	Accepted[4]	II	Anti-Desmogein 3
Pernicious anaemia	Accepted[20]	II
Psoriasis	Suspected[21]
Psoriatic Arthritis	Suspected[22]
Polymyositis	Accepted[13]
Primary biliary cirrhosis	Accepted[23]		Anti-p62, Anti-sp100, Anti-Mitochondrial(M2)
Rheumatoid arthritis	Accepted[4]	III	Rheumatoid factor
Schizophrenia	Suspected[24][25][26]
Scleroderma	Suspected[17]		Anti-topoisomerase
Sjögren's syndrome	Accepted[4]
Stiff person syndrome	Suspected
Temporal arteritis (also known as "giant cell arteritis")	Accepted[4]	IV
Ulcerative Colitis (one of two types of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease "IBD")	Accepted[4]	IV
Vasculitis	Accepted[5]	III
Vitiligo	Suspected[27][28]
Wegener's granulomatosis	Accepted[29]		Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic(cANCA)

Development of therapies

In both autoimmune and inflammatory diseases the condition arises through aberrant reactions of the human adaptive or innate immune systems. In autoimmunity, the patient’s immune system is activated against the body's own proteins. In inflammatory diseases, it is the overreaction of the immune system, and its subsequent downstream signaling (TNF, IFN, etc), which causes problems.

A substantial minority of the population suffers from these diseases, which are often chronic, debilitating, and life-threatening. There are more than eighty illnesses caused by autoimmunity. It has been estimated that autoimmune diseases are among the ten leading causes of death among women in all age groups up to 65 years.^[30]

Currently, a considerable amount of research is being conducted into treatment of these conditions. According to a report from Frost & Sullivan, the total alliance payouts in the autoimmune/inflammation segment from 1997 to 2002 totaled $489.8 million, where Eli Lilly, Suntory, Procter & Gamble, Encysive, and Novartis together account for 98.6 percent of alliance payouts.^[31]

References

External links

• Auto-immune disorders at the Open Directory Project
• Links to pictures of Autoimmune Diseases (Hardin MD) at University of Iowa

See also

• Systemic autoimmune diseases

• Autoimmunity

v • d • e Immune disorders: Immunodeficiency (D80-D85, 279)
Primary	Antibody/humoral (B) Hypo-/a-: X-linked · Transient of infancy Dys-: IgA deficiency · IgG deficiency · IgM deficiency · Hyper IgM syndrome (2, 3, 4, 5) Common variable immunodeficiency Cell-mediated (T) DiGeorge syndrome · Nezelof syndrome · Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency · Ataxia telangiectasia · Hyper IgM syndrome (1) Severe combined (B+T) x-linked: X-SCID autosomal: Adenosine deaminase deficiency · Omenn syndrome · ZAP70 deficiency · Bare lymphocyte syndrome Complement deficiency Angioedema · Complement 2 deficiency PBD chemotaxis/degranulation (Leukocyte adhesion deficiency, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, Hyper-IgE syndrome) respiratory burst (Chronic granulomatous disease, Myeloperoxidase deficiency) Other ICF syndrome · Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome · WHIM syndrome
Acquired	AIDS
See also hematological malignancy and hematology

v • d • e Immune disorders: Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases
I/allergy/atopy (IgE)	Atopic dermatitis · Allergic urticaria · Hay fever · Allergic asthma · Anaphylaxis · Food allergy
II/ADCC (IgM, IgG)	Pernicious anemia · Hemolytic disease of the newborn · Penicillin allergy autoimmune, cytotoxic: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia · Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura  · Bullous pemphigoid  · Pemphigus vulgaris · Rheumatic fever · Goodpasture's syndrome autoimmune, "type 5"/receptor: Graves' disease · Myasthenia gravis
III (Immune complex)	Henoch-Schönlein purpura · Hypersensitivity vasculitis · Reactive arthritis · Rheumatoid arthritis · Farmer's lung · Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis · Serum sickness · Arthus reaction autoimmune: Systemic lupus erythematosus · Subacute bacterial endocarditis
IV/cell-mediated (T-cells)	Contact dermatitis · Mantoux test · Graft-versus-host disease autoimmune: Diabetes mellitus type 1 · Hashimoto's thyroiditis · Guillain-Barré syndrome  · Multiple sclerosis  · Coeliac disease · Temporal arteritis
Unknown/ multiple	Sjögren's syndrome · Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis) · Autoimmune hepatitis · Transplant rejection

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Autoimmune disease
Articles on Autoimmune disease	Most recent articles on Autoimmune disease • Most cited articles on Autoimmune disease • Review articles on Autoimmune disease • Articles on Autoimmune disease in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Autoimmune disease	Powerpoint slides on Autoimmune disease • Images of Autoimmune disease • Photos of Autoimmune disease • Podcasts & MP3s on Autoimmune disease • Videos on Autoimmune disease
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Autoimmune disease	Cochrane Collaboration on Autoimmune disease • Bandolier on Autoimmune disease • TRIP on Autoimmune disease
Cost Effectiveness of Autoimmune disease	Cost Effectiveness of Autoimmune disease
Clinical Trials Involving Autoimmune disease	Ongoing Trials on Autoimmune disease at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Autoimmune disease • Clinical Trials on Autoimmune disease at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Autoimmune disease	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Autoimmune disease • NICE Guidance on Autoimmune disease • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Autoimmune disease • CDC on Autoimmune disease
Textbook Information on Autoimmune disease	Books and Textbook Information on Autoimmune disease
Pharmacology Resources on Autoimmune disease	Dosing of Autoimmune disease • Drug interactions with Autoimmune disease • Side effects of Autoimmune disease • Allergic reactions to Autoimmune disease • Overdose information on Autoimmune disease • Carcinogenicity information on Autoimmune disease • Autoimmune disease in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Autoimmune disease •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Autoimmune disease	Genetics of Autoimmune disease • Pharmacogenomics of Autoimmune disease • Proteomics of Autoimmune disease
Newstories on Autoimmune disease	Autoimmune disease in the news • Be alerted to news on Autoimmune disease • News trends on Autoimmune disease
Commentary on Autoimmune disease	Blogs on Autoimmune disease
Patient Resources on Autoimmune disease	Patient resources on Autoimmune disease • Discussion groups on Autoimmune disease • Patient Handouts on Autoimmune disease • Directions to Hospitals Treating Autoimmune disease • Risk calculators and risk factors for Autoimmune disease
Healthcare Provider Resources on Autoimmune disease	Symptoms of Autoimmune disease • Causes & Risk Factors for Autoimmune disease • Diagnostic studies for Autoimmune disease • Treatment of Autoimmune disease
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Autoimmune disease	CME Programs on Autoimmune disease
International Resources on Autoimmune disease	Autoimmune disease en Espanol • Autoimmune disease en Francais
Business Resources on Autoimmune disease	Autoimmune disease in the Marketplace • Patents on Autoimmune disease
Informatics Resources on Autoimmune disease	List of terms related to Autoimmune disease

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