Muscarinic antagonist

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]


Overview

A muscarinic receptor antagonist is an agent that reduces the activity of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Most of them are synthetic, but scopolamine atropine are belladonna alkaloids, and are naturally extracted.

Important[1] muscarinic agonists include atropine, hyoscine, ipratropium, tropicamide, cyclopentolate and pirenzepine.

Comparison table

Substance Trade names Mechanism[2] Clinical use[2] Adverse effects[2]
Atropine (D/L-Hyoscyamine) non-selective antagonism, CNS stimulation
Scopolamine (L-Hyoscine) non-selective antagonism, CNS depression
Ipratropium non-selective antagonism, without any mucociliary excretion inhibition.
Tropicamide short acting non-selective antagonism, CNS depression
Pirenzepine M1 receptor-selective antagonist (fewer than non-selective ones)
Diphenhydramine Benadryl
Dimenhydrinate Dramamine
dicyclomine
flavoxate
oxybutynin
tiotropium Spiriva
cyclopentolate short acting non-selective antagonism, CNS depression
atropine methonitrate non-selective antagonism, blocks transmission in ganglia
trihexyphenidyl Artane
tolterodine Detrusitol
solifenacin Vesicare
darifenacin Enablex
benztropine Cogentin

See also

References

  1. Rang, H. P. (2003). Pharmacology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07145-4. Page 147
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Unless else specified in table boxes, then ref is: Rang, H. P. (2003). Pharmacology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07145-4. Page 147

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