Whipworm infection: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
 
m (Bot: Removing from Primary care)
 
(28 intermediate revisions by 14 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{EH}}
__NOTOC__
{{About1|Trichuris trichiura}}
{{infobox Disease |
  Name          = Trichuriasis |
  Image          = Trichuris egg.jpg |
  Caption        = Trichuris egg |
 
}}
{{Whipworm infection}}


==Overview== 
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}}, {{AKI}}, {{USAMA}}, {{HK}}
{{SI}}
The nematode (roundworm) Trichuris trichiura, also called the human whipworm.


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
{{SK}} Trichuriasis, Human whipworm infection, Trichocephalus, Trichuriose


''Demographics''
==[[Whipworm infection overview|Overview]]==


The third most common round worm of humans.  Worldwide, with infections more frequent in areas with tropical weather and poor sanitation practices, and among children.  It is estimated that 800 million people are infected worldwide.  Trichuriasis occurs in the southern United States.
==[[Whipworm infection historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


Infections with the soil-transmitted intestinal helminths (i.e., Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm), estimated to affect approximately 1 billion persons, are among the most common and widespread human infections.
==[[Whipworm infection classification|Classification]]==


==Risk Factors==  
==[[Whipworm infection pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


Most frequently asymptomatic. Heavy infections, especially in small children, can cause gastrointestinal problems (abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal prolapse) and possibly growth retardation.
==[[Whipworm infection causes|Causes]]==
==Screening==
==Pathophysiology & Etiology==  


[[Image:Trichuris LifeCycle.gif|thumb|300px|left|Life Cycle of Trichiuris trichiura]]
==[[Whipworm infection differential diagnosis|Differentiating Whipworm Infection from other Diseases]]==


The unembryonated eggs are passed with the stool '''1.'''. In the soil, the eggs develop into a 2-cell stage '''2.''', an advanced cleavage stage '''3.''', and then they embryonate '''4.'''; eggs become infective in 15 to 30 days. After ingestion (soil-contaminated hands or food), the eggs hatch in the small intestine, and release larvae '''5.''' that mature and establish themselves as adults in the colon '''6.'''. The adult worms (approximately 4 cm in length) live in the cecum and ascending colon. The adult worms are fixed in that location, with the anterior portions threaded into the mucosa. The females begin to oviposit 60 to 70 days after infection. Female worms in the cecum shed between 3,000 and 20,000 eggs per day. The life span of the adults is about 1 year.
==[[Whipworm infection epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


==Molecular Biology==  
==[[Whipworm infection risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==Genetics==
==Natural History==
==Diagnosis==
'''Microscopy'''


[[Image:Trichuris eggA.jpg|thumb|left|T.trichiura egg]]
==[[Whipworm infection natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


A: Trichuris trichiura egg (wet preparation). The diagnostic characteristics are:
==Diagnosis==


*a typical barrel shape
[[Whipworm infection history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Whipworm infection physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Whipworm infection laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Whipworm infection electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Whipworm infection chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Whipworm infection CT|CT]] | [[Whipworm infection MRI|MRI]] | [[Whipworm infection echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Whipworm infection other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] |[[Whipworm infection other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
*two polar plugs, that are unstained
*size: 50 to 54 µm by 22 to 23 µm


The external layer of the shell of the egg is yellow-brown (in contrast to the clear polar plugs). The egg is unembryonated, as eggs are when passed with the stool.
[[Image:Trichuris eggC.jpg|thumb|left|Trichuris egg]]
C: Trichuris trichiura eggs.  Figures show side-by-side eggs with regular (white arrows) and larger (black arrows) size eggs.
[[Image:Trichuris eggD.jpg|thumb|left|Trichuris egg]]
D: Atypical Trichuris sp. egg.
===Differential Diagnosis===
===History and Symptoms===
===Physical Examination===
====Appearance of the Patient====
====Eyes====
====Ear Nose and Throat====
==== Heart ====
==== Lungs ====
==== Abdomen ====
==== Extremities ====
==== Neurologic ====
==== Other ====
=== Laboratory Findings ===
==== Electrolyte and Biomarker Studies ====
==== Electrocardiogram ====
=== Chest X Ray ===
=== MRI and CT ===
=== Echocardiography or Ultrasound ===
=== Other Imaging Findings ===
=== Other Diagnostic Studies ===
==Risk Stratification and Prognosis==
==Treatment==
==Treatment==


=== Pharmacotherapy ===
[[Whipworm infection medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Whipworm infection surgery|Surgery]] | [[Whipworm infection primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Whipworm infection secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Whipworm infection cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Whipworm infection future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==== Acute Pharmacotherapies ====
==Case Studies==
[[Whipworm infection case study one|Case #1]]


==== Chronic Pharmacotherapies ====
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


=== Surgery and Device Based Therapy ===
[[Category:Disease]]
 
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
==== Indications for Surgery ====
[[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]]
 
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
==== Pre-Operative Assessment ====
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
 
==== Post-Operative Management ====
 
=== Transplantation ===
 
== Primary Prevention ==
 
== Secondary Prevention ==
 
== Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy ==
 
== Future or Investigational Therapies ==
 
==Suggested Revisions to the Current Guidelines==
 
== Acknowledgements ==
The content on this page was first contributed by
 
List of contributors:
 
Pilar Almonacid
----
 
== Suggested Reading and Key General References ==
 
== Suggested Links and Web Resources ==
 
== For Patients ==
 
 
----
 
{{SIB}}
 
[[Category:DiseaseState]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
 
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 00:45, 30 July 2020

This page is about clinical aspects of the disease.  For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Trichuris trichiura.
Trichuriasis
Trichuris egg

Whipworm infection Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Whipworm Infection from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Whipworm infection On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Whipworm infection

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Whipworm infection

CDC on Whipworm infection

Whipworm infection in the news

Blogs on Whipworm infection

Directions to Hospitals Treating Whipworm infection

Risk calculators and risk factors for Whipworm infection

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[3], Usama Talib, BSc, MD [4], Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [5]

Synonyms and keywords: Trichuriasis, Human whipworm infection, Trichocephalus, Trichuriose

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Whipworm Infection from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings |Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Whipworm_infection&oldid=1644746"